Total mercury concentrations in the general Korean population, 2008–2011

Park, Jaehong; Hwang, Myung-Sil; Ko, Ah-Ra; Jeong, Da-Hyun; Kang, Hui-Seung; Yoon, Hyung Joon; Hong, Jin-Hwan

doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.10.004

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Our study shows that the body Hg burden in healthy Korean weaning-age infants residing in Seoul city is usually within the range recommended by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and has been decreasing recently [ 24 , 25 ]. Hg exposure at that level may not significantly affect anthropometry during infancy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the proportion of mothers who ate fish more than once per week and more than three times per week was 19/95 (20.0%) and 4/95 (4.2%), respectively, which is far less than the 33/63 (52.4%) and 9/63 (14.3%) pregnant women residing in Seoul who did so in a 2004 study [ 36 ]. The Hg exposure in the general Korean population has also been reported to be decreasing through 2008–2011 [ 25 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mercury Exposure in Healthy Korean Weaning-Age Infants: Association with Growth, Feeding and Fish Intake

Chang

Park

Shin

et al. 2015

IJERPH

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Low-level mercury (Hg) exposure in infancy might be harmful to the physical growth as well as neurodevelopment of children. The aim of this study was to investigate postnatal Hg exposure and its relationship with anthropometry and dietary factors in late infancy. We recruited 252 healthy Korean infants between six and 24 months of age from an outpatient clinic during the 2009/2010 and 2013/2014 seasons. We measured the weight and height of the infants and collected dietary information using questionnaires. The Hg content of the hair and blood was assessed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy. The geometric mean Hg concentration in the hair and blood was 0.22 (95% confidence interval: 0.20–0.24) µg/g and 0.94 (n = 109, 95% confidence interval: 0.89–0.99) µg/L, respectively. The hair Hg concentration showed a good correlation with the blood Hg concentration (median hair-to-blood Hg ratio: 202.7, r = 0.462, p < 0.001) and was >1 µg/g in five infants. The hair Hg concentration showed significant correlations with weight gain after birth (Z-score of the weight for age—Z-score of the birthweight; r = −0.156, p = 0.015), the duration (months) of breastfeeding as the dominant method of feeding (r = 0.274, p < 0.001), and the duration of fish intake more than once per week (r = 0.138, p = 0.033). In an ordinal logistic regression analysis with categorical hair Hg content (quartiles), dietary factors, including breastfeeding as the dominant method of feeding in late infancy (cumulative odds ratio: 6.235, 95% confidence interval: 3.086–12.597, p < 0.001) and the monthly duration of fish intake more than once per week (cumulative odds ratio: 1.203, 95% confidence interval: 1.034–1.401; p = 0.017), were significantly associated with higher hair Hg content. Weight gain after birth was not, however, significantly associated with hair Hg content after adjustment for the duration of breastfeeding as the dominant method of feeding. Low-level Hg exposure through breastfeeding and fish intake as a complementary food did not directly affect anthropometry in this population. If prolonged breastfeeding is expected, however, the Hg exposure through fish intake may need to be monitored for both mothers and infants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mercury Exposure in Healthy Korean Weaning-Age Infants: Association with Growth, Feeding and Fish Intake

Chang

Park

Shin

et al. 2015

IJERPH

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“…According to the first cycle of the Korean National Environmental Health Survey [ 5 ], the geometric mean (GM) of blood Hg among Koreans was 3.08 μg/L, which is high compared to the US (mean: 0.68 μg/L) [ 6 ] and Canada (mean: 0.59 μg/L) [ 7 ]. Blood Hg levels in Korea have been decreasing for the last ten years, but approximately 25% of the Korean population still has high levels over 5.00 μg/L, which represents the control value for blood Hg (HBM-I) [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mercury Exposure and Associations with Hyperlipidemia and Elevated Liver Enzymes: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Survey

Lee

Cho

Jeong

et al. 2020

Toxics

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Mercury (Hg) has obesogenic properties. However, the associated health outcomes of population-level mercury exposure were unclear. This study investigated the relationships between blood mercury levels and obesity-related outcomes such as hyperlipidemia and elevated liver enzymes. Using the second cycle of the Korean National Environmental Health Survey (n = 6454), we performed logistic regression to examine the effects of Hg on hyperlipidemia and elevated liver enzymes. The blood mercury levels were significantly higher in the hyperlipidemia group (n = 3699, male: 4.03 μg/L, female: 2.83 μg/L) compared to the non-hyperlipidemia group (n = 2755, male: 3.48 μg/L, female: 2.69 μg/L), and high blood mercury levels were associated with an 11% higher risk of hyperlipidemia. The elevated liver enzymes group had higher mean blood mercury levels (n = 1189, male: 4.38 μg/L, female: 3.25 μg/L) than the normal group (n = 5265, male: 3.64 μg/L, female: 2.70 μg/L), and elevated blood mercury was associated with a 35% higher risk of elevated liver enzymes. Moreover, the effect was constant after adjusting for personal medications. These results indicate that mercury exposure is significantly associated with hyperlipidemia and elevated liver enzymes.

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“…Moreover, the mercury--selenium complex limits the activity of the glutathione peroxidase enzyme, which participates in the conversion of hydrogen peroxide into water, where selenium acts as a cofactor [16,17]. The number of published works on the content of mercury in herbal dietary supplements is not very large [18,19,20]. The aim of the manuscript was to determine the content of mercury in vitamin and mineral dietary supplements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining content of mercury in vitamin and mineral dietary supplements

Brodziak-Dopierała

Fischer

Derkacz³

et al. 2019

Ann. Acad. Med. Siles.

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INTRODUCTION: Dietary supplements are increasingly more frequently used to increase the daily intake of essential vitamins and minerals. These preparations are classified as a special category of foods and are subject to food law, not pharmaceutical regulations. As a result, the requirements for dietary supplements are much less restrictive than to medications. The aim of study was to determine the level of mercury in multivitamin and multimineral preparations and to analyze the results. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 22 dietary supplements containing vitamins and minerals available on the Polish market. Mercury was analyzed with an AAS using AMA 254. RESULTS: The concentrations of Hg were 0.22-5.85 µg/kg (the average content was 2.40 µg/kg). The highest average mercury content was 4.51 µg/kg, whereas the lowest one was 0.31 µg/kg. The results were also analyzed in individual groups depending on the main component and indication for use as well as pharmaceutical formulation. Furthermore, according to the manufacturer's recommendation, the dose of mercury taken with a single medicine was estimated for time of a day, a week, a month, 3 months and also a year. The findings were compared to the limits defined in the regulations of the European Union and PTWI set by the JECFA to assess the health risk. The results presented in this study proved that the amount of mercury in the tested dietary supplements is much lower than the value of valid regulations. CONCLUSIONS: As long as they are used with the recommendation of manufacturer, the analyzed supplements do not pose a threat to human health. KEY WORDS vitamin and mineral dietary supplements, mercury, AAS STRESZCZENIE WSTĘP: Suplementy diety to produkty coraz częściej wybierane jako łatwy sposób na uzupełnienie niedoborów witamin i minerałów w codziennej diecie. Są to środki spożywcze podlegające prawu żywnościowemu a nie farmaceutycznemu, co przekłada się na znacznie mniejsze wymagania niż w przypadku leków. Również prosta i niekosztowna procedura ich rejestracji sprawia, że każdego roku zwiększa się liczba dostępnych preparatów. Celem pracy było oznaczenie zawartości rtęci w witaminowo-mineralnych suplementach diety oraz analiza uzyskanych wyników.

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Total mercury concentrations in the general Korean population, 2008–2011

Cited by 17 publications

References 20 publications

Mercury Exposure in Healthy Korean Weaning-Age Infants: Association with Growth, Feeding and Fish Intake

Mercury Exposure in Healthy Korean Weaning-Age Infants: Association with Growth, Feeding and Fish Intake

Mercury Exposure and Associations with Hyperlipidemia and Elevated Liver Enzymes: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Survey

Determining content of mercury in vitamin and mineral dietary supplements

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