“…The TOC values in the mangrove forest ranged between 19.59 to 52.01 mg C/Lin this study, much higher than reported previously in the UAE (0.8-3.9 mg/L), in Qatar (0.5-3.6 mg/L) [38], in the Kuwaiti waters of the northern Gulf (1.21-3.83 mg/L) [39], in the southern Gulf (1.8-11.8 mg/L) and OM decreased sharply down the sediment core from 11% at the surface to 3.85% at the bottom of the core.…”
Section: Physical Water Quality Analysis and Total Organic Carbon In Watercontrasting
confidence: 69%
“…The TOC values in the mangrove forest ranged between 19.59 to 52.01 mg C/Lin this study, much higher than reported previously in the UAE (0.8-3.9 mg/L), in Qatar (0.5-3.6 mg/L) [38], in the Kuwaiti waters of the northern Gulf (1.21-3.83 mg/L) [39], in the southern Gulf (1.8-11.8 mg/L) and in the Gulf of Oman (2.1-14.6 mg/L) [40]. The high TOC levels detected by the present study could be attributed to the presence of Exchangeable Dissolved Organic Carbon (EDOC) that consists of volatile and semi volatile organic compounds.…”
Section: Physical Water Quality Analysis and Total Organic Carbon In Watercontrasting
In the Arabian Gulf, mangroves play a particularly important role in maintaining biodiversity. Water and intertidal sediments were collected from eight sampling locations in April 2017 to assess the environmental status of the mangrove forest in the Khor al Beida, Umm Al Quwain, which is one of the largest natural mangrove forests in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Khor al Beida is also a breeding ground for the largest Gulf colony of a regionally endemic Socotra cormorant. Total metal concentrations of water and sediments were measured using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and ranged between 0.001–2.873 mg/L and 0.08–12683.02 mg/kg, respectively. Most metals were within permissible levels, except for copper, iron, aluminum, zinc, and nickel. Hazard Quotient calculations showed low risk to the ecosystem in relation to the presence of heavy metals, with the exception of zinc. Fifty-three diatom species of pennate benthic forms were identified in the intertidal sediments. For the first time in the UAE, diatom composition and diatom diversity values were quantitatively estimated in the surface sediments and a short sediment core. Overall, the assessment suggests that the mangrove forest is currently undisturbed and shows very little anthropogenic impact; yet, protection and conservation efforts are necessary in order to maintain its current status.
“…The TOC values in the mangrove forest ranged between 19.59 to 52.01 mg C/Lin this study, much higher than reported previously in the UAE (0.8-3.9 mg/L), in Qatar (0.5-3.6 mg/L) [38], in the Kuwaiti waters of the northern Gulf (1.21-3.83 mg/L) [39], in the southern Gulf (1.8-11.8 mg/L) and OM decreased sharply down the sediment core from 11% at the surface to 3.85% at the bottom of the core.…”
Section: Physical Water Quality Analysis and Total Organic Carbon In Watercontrasting
confidence: 69%
“…The TOC values in the mangrove forest ranged between 19.59 to 52.01 mg C/Lin this study, much higher than reported previously in the UAE (0.8-3.9 mg/L), in Qatar (0.5-3.6 mg/L) [38], in the Kuwaiti waters of the northern Gulf (1.21-3.83 mg/L) [39], in the southern Gulf (1.8-11.8 mg/L) and in the Gulf of Oman (2.1-14.6 mg/L) [40]. The high TOC levels detected by the present study could be attributed to the presence of Exchangeable Dissolved Organic Carbon (EDOC) that consists of volatile and semi volatile organic compounds.…”
Section: Physical Water Quality Analysis and Total Organic Carbon In Watercontrasting
In the Arabian Gulf, mangroves play a particularly important role in maintaining biodiversity. Water and intertidal sediments were collected from eight sampling locations in April 2017 to assess the environmental status of the mangrove forest in the Khor al Beida, Umm Al Quwain, which is one of the largest natural mangrove forests in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Khor al Beida is also a breeding ground for the largest Gulf colony of a regionally endemic Socotra cormorant. Total metal concentrations of water and sediments were measured using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and ranged between 0.001–2.873 mg/L and 0.08–12683.02 mg/kg, respectively. Most metals were within permissible levels, except for copper, iron, aluminum, zinc, and nickel. Hazard Quotient calculations showed low risk to the ecosystem in relation to the presence of heavy metals, with the exception of zinc. Fifty-three diatom species of pennate benthic forms were identified in the intertidal sediments. For the first time in the UAE, diatom composition and diatom diversity values were quantitatively estimated in the surface sediments and a short sediment core. Overall, the assessment suggests that the mangrove forest is currently undisturbed and shows very little anthropogenic impact; yet, protection and conservation efforts are necessary in order to maintain its current status.
“…In June, seawater from the west coast had very high TOC levels compared to that of the central and east coast. This value is also extremely high compared to TOC levels in the Arabian Gulf (0.8-3.9 mg/L; Emara, 1998). Emara (1998) also noted a signi cant correlation between TOC values and the presence of petroleum hydrocarbons.…”
Small islands depend on rainwater as a source of water. Climate variability affects changes in groundwater chemistry on small islands. Pari Island is one such small island, located in Indonesia, with an area of 41.32 ha and a population of 1,441. This study aims to assess the vulnerability of groundwater quality to climate variability based on observations from Pari Island, including the influence of tourism on groundwater. The study used traditional hydrochemistry analysis methods (Piper, Durof, Scholler, and Gibb’s diagrams), a questionnaire survey, and Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) analysis. The results indicate a strong correlation between SPEI-2 and the total dissolved solid content of groundwater, demonstrating that two-monthly interval precipitation has an impact on groundwater quality. The hydro chemical analysis of samples taken from dug wells shows that, geographically, the influence of climate variability on Pari Island weakened from west to east, corresponding to patterns related to the direction of the monsoon winds of tropical Indonesia. Increased tourism worsened groundwater vulnerability due to increased water demand and resultant wastewater load.
“…With an increase in the salinity, high-concentration TOC input into the basin gradually decreased, indicating that runoff input from the Jiulong River is the primary factor affecting the TOC concentration distribution and changes in the JRE. Emara 38 reported that the TOC concentration exhibits a significant negative correlation with salinity due to the influence of exogenous low salinity and high-organic-matter runoff. Figure 4 Relationship between TOC concentration and environmental parameters.…”
Spatial and temporal distributions of total organic carbon (TOC) in the Jiulong River Estuary (JRE) were determined using data collected during three cruises in summer 2010, autumn 2010, and spring 2011. The TOC concentration influencing factors were identified, and the export fluxes were calculated. TOC concentration ranges were 0.73–4.17 mg/L in summer, 0.90–5.32 mg/L in autumn, and 1.78–8.03 mg/L in spring, respectively. TOC concentrations of the surface water and nearshore area were higher than those of the bottom water and offshore area, respectively, and the maximum TOC content occurred in the JRE upper reaches. The TOC concentration decreased with increasing salinity and exhibited a significant positive correlation with petroleum and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), indicating the influence of terrestrial input. A weak relationship between TOC and chlorophyll-a indicated that phytoplankton was not the dominant source of TOC. TOC fluxes discharged into the JRE were 50.39 × 103 t/a in 2010 and 46.08 × 103 t/a in 2011, and those transported into the sea were 38.46 × 103 t/a in 2010 and 33.66 × 103 t/a in 2011, respectively, accounting for approximately 75% of the total estuary fluxes. This study elucidates the biogeochemical processes of estuarine organic carbon and provides a quantitative basis for the land–sea integration of carbon dioxide emission reduction and sink increase projects.
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