Total Organochlorine Content of Fish from the Great Lakes

Newsome, W Harvey; Andrews, Paul; Conacher, H. B. S.; Rao, R. R.; Chatt, A.

doi:10.1093/jaoac/76.4.703

Cited by 27 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…On a lipid weight basis, Atlantic croaker contained the highest EOCl concentrations, whereas yellow tail had the least. The concentrations of EOCl found in fish samples were at least 10-fold greater than those reported for fishes from the Great Lakes (22) and carp from the Buffalo River, NY (15).…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 56%

Extractable Organohalogens (EOX) in Sediment and Biota Collected at an Estuarine Marsh near a Former Chloralkali Facility

Kannan

Kawano

Kashima

et al. 1999

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Extractable, organically bound chlorine (EOCl), which is determined by neutron activation analysis (NAA), has been used as a measure of pollution by chlorinated organics. In this study, the concentrations and distribution of extractable organohalogens (EOX = EOCl + EOBr + EOI) were measured in sediment, blue crab, fishes, birds, and terrapin collected at an estuarine marsh and a nearby creek contaminated by the disposal of wastes from a former chlor-alkali facility. The concentrations of the organohalogens were in the order of EOCl ≫ EOBr > EOI. The sediment EOCl concentration was comparable to those reported for sediments at sites that have been contaminated by the disposal of bleached kraft pulp mill effluents. The concentrations of EOCl measured in the tissues of blue crab, fishes, and birds were higher than any values previously reported. The absolute concentrations of EOCl coupled with its elevated proportions relative to the concentrations of EOBr or EOI in biota suggest that wastes from the chloralkali processes are a potential source of chlorinated organics present in the environment. The relative proportion of known [such as, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDDs/PCDFs), polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs), and organochlorine pesticides] to unknown organochlorines in sediment, blue crab, fishes, birds, and terrapin was, on average, 48, 35, 5−25, 1−14, and 4.2%, respectively, which suggested that a major portion of the EOCl measured in biota remained uncharacterized. By assuming that the identities of unknown organochlorines in sediment and biota were similar, the estimated biota−sediment accumulation factor (BSAF) for the unknown EOCl fraction suggested that the components of this fraction have a tendency to bioaccumulate in the food chain.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 56%

Extractable Organohalogens (EOX) in Sediment and Biota Collected at an Estuarine Marsh near a Former Chloralkali Facility

Kannan

Kawano

Kashima

et al. 1999

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Similar to our results, Gustavson and Mar (1999) reported that PCB contributed to less than 1.3 to 21% of EPOCl in surface sediment, and that PCB, HCH, and DDT contributed to less than 0.2 to 19% of EPOCl in blue mussels from the Baltic Sea. Other reports showed that 74 to 99% of extractable organochlorines in several species of fish (Newsome et al, 1993) and 80.6 to 98.6% of EPOCl in pine needles from China (Xu et al, 2003) could not be accounted for by PCB and OCP.…”

Section: Epocl In 18 Chinese Commercial Yogurt Samplesmentioning

confidence: 92%

A Survey of Extractable Persistent Organochlorine Pollutants in Chinese Commercial Yogurt

Zhang

Chai

Sun

et al. 2006

Journal of Dairy Science

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Eighteen Chinese commercial brands of yogurt were collected from supermarkets from December 2002 to April 2003, for characterization of organochlorine pesticides (OCP) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB). Besides monitoring OCP and PCB by gas chromatography, the levels of extractable persistent organochlorine (EPOCl; i.e., sulfuric acid-resistant EPOCl) were also determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis. The results indicated that the contamination pattern of the selected OCP and PCB were in the order of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDT) approximately hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCH) >> aldrin > or = chlordanes > or = heptachlor epoxide and 4-6 chlorinated biphenyls (CB) >> 7-10 CB, respectively. Furthermore, beta-HCH, and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl) ethylene were the predominant isomers of HCH and DDT residues in yogurt, and PCB with 4,4'- and 2,3,5- substitution patterns were the predominant congeners of PCB residues. Also, the results indicated that the mean level of total chlorine in the identified organochlorine species was below 4% of EPOCl in yogurt, which implied that more than 96% of EPOCl measured in yogurt samples could not be accounted for by selected OCP and PCB.

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“…Therefore, PCB concentrations are usually reported as total PCBs, which is determined by the sum of the peaks in the sample that match peaks found in an Aroclor mixture. Numerous studies have examined the total PCB concentrations found in Great Lakes fish [1–6]. Although this approach may be beneficial with respect to environmental monitoring, it offers little information regarding the individual congeners that comprise the total PCB concentration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polychlorinated biphenyl congeners and selected organochlorines in lake superior fish, USA

Gerstenberger¹,

Gallinat²,

Dellinger³

1997

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Walleye, whitefish and whitefish livers, lake trout, and siscowet lake trout were collected from the Apostle Islands Region of Lake Superior. Carp were obtained from a Lake Michigan tributary near Oshkosh, Wisconsin, USA. Each fish species was analyzed for 89 polychlorinated biphenyl congeners, 12 selected organochlorines, and total lipids. Congener profiles varied greatly between the fish species. Carp and whitefish contained tri‐ and tetra‐chlorobiphenyl congeners, such as 28 + 31, 63, and 66+95 in the highest concentrations. Siscowet trout contained the more heavily chlorinated penta‐, hexa‐, and hepta‐chlorobiphenyl congeners such as 153, 89, 138 + 163, 180, 182 + 187, and 170. In addition to the highly chlorinated PCB congeners routinely examined in Great Lakes fish, many lower chlorinated, ortho‐substituted PCB congeners are also commonly found. These lower chlorinated congeners have known effects in laboratory animals but may be overlooked by analytical techniques in which Aroclor standards or mixtures of selected congeners are used for quantitation. A congener‐specific approach including both the lower chlorinated ortho‐substituted PCB congeners and the more highly chlorinated congeners should be implemented to better assess the interactions and toxicities of individual congeners and other persistent compounds.

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Total Organochlorine Content of Fish from the Great Lakes

Cited by 27 publications

References 0 publications

Extractable Organohalogens (EOX) in Sediment and Biota Collected at an Estuarine Marsh near a Former Chloralkali Facility

Extractable Organohalogens (EOX) in Sediment and Biota Collected at an Estuarine Marsh near a Former Chloralkali Facility

A Survey of Extractable Persistent Organochlorine Pollutants in Chinese Commercial Yogurt

Polychlorinated biphenyl congeners and selected organochlorines in lake superior fish, USA

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