Total Phenolic, Anthocyanin, Catechins, DPPH Radical Scavenging Activity, and Toxicity of Lepisanthes alata (Blume) Leenh

Abstract

Anthocyanins and catechin are natural antioxidants presented in many plants. Lepisanthes alata (Blume) Leenh is a plant with fruit that ripens to an intense red. This coloring suggests a high polyphenol content. However, limited information is available regarding the polyphenol or other antioxidant content in this fruit or its suitability as a food additive. The purpose of this research was to determine the total phenolic, total monomeric anthocyanin, catechin, epicatechin and epigallocatechin gallate content, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and toxicity in rind, flesh, seed, and whole fruit of L. alata. This research was conducted using an exploratory method with four analyses; samples from six parts of the plant were analyzed for polyphenols (rind, fruit pulp, seeds, whole fruit, bark, and leaves), four for anthocyanins (rind, fruit pulp, seeds, and whole fruit), and six parts of the plant for DPPH radical scavenging activity in water, methanol, and ethanol (rind, fruit pulp, seeds, whole fruit, bark, and leaves) and toxicity. This plant was found to contain high levels of polyphenol; the lowest level was measured in the flesh (0.64 mg GAE/g of DW) and the highest in the whole fruit (2.87 mg GAE/g of DW). The lowest anthocyanin content is found in the flesh and the highest in the rind with the respective average values of 672.27 mg/100 g FW and 1462.82 mg/100 g FW. Epicatechin is the major catechin in whole fruit and bark of L. alata. L. alata DPPH radical scavenging activity was in the range of 21.23 to 92.5% depending on the solvent, and the highest activity was recorded in bark in ethanol extract. No toxins were found in any part of the plant indicating that an extract from it could be safely used as a natural antioxidant supplement in processed foods to protect against free radicals.

Production of colorant powder from dragon fruit ( Hylocerecus polyrhizus ) peel: Bioactivity, heavy metal contamination, antimutagenicity, and antioxidation aspects

“…They found that an increase in the extraction time and pressure levels of the extraction equipment could lead to a higher phenolic content for the extract. From our findings, it confirmed that the by‐products of dragon fruit peels from fresh consumption could be beneficial as a source of phenolic compounds as well as the other sources of red color pigment as studied by many researchers (Abreu et al., 2019; Anggraini et al., 2019; Castro‐Concha et al., 2014; Gramza‐Michalowska et al., 2019). Abreu et al.…”

“…Nurliyana et al (2010) discovered that the total phenolic content of the dragon fruit peel could be different depending on the species and breed. However, the total phenolic content (Abreu et al, 2019;Anggraini et al, 2019;Castro-Concha et al, 2014;Gramza-Michalowska et al, 2019). Abreu et al (2019) addressed that red grape peel flour contained 10.63-mg total phenolic compounds in a gram of dry sample.…”

Screening of Antioxidant Activity of 20 Kinds of Mushrooms from Southwest of China

“…Phenolic is a significant group of compounds acting as free radical scavenging or primary antioxidants [18]. Determining phenolic content in mushrooms' extracts could estimate all flavonoids and non-flavone phenolic compounds [19]. Based on EC 50 values, the total phenol content was determined by the method of Folin-Ciocalteau.…”

Preliminary Phytochemical Screening and in Vitro Antioxidant Activity of the Methanolic Extract of Lindernia Ruellioides (Colsm.) Pennell

“…To achieve atomic stability, free radicals are oxidized surrounding molecules to obtain a pair of electrons. This oxidative damage can be counteracted with primary or secondary antioxidants [25]. DPPH is a free radical which is stable at room temperature and this method is often employed to determine the antioxidant activity of many plant extracts.…”