Total porosity measurement in gas shales by the water immersion porosimetry (WIP) method

Kuila, Utpalendu; McCarty, Douglas K.; Derkowski, Arkadiusz; Fischer, Timothy B.; Prasad, Manika

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2013.09.073

Cited by 151 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…8,9 The porosity decrease measured by the USAXS method is also consistent with the expectation from burial compaction and diagenesis. The USAXS method does not demonstrate the same variation in porosity data at specific depths as measured by the immersion porosity.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Dehydration Effect on the Pore Size, Porosity, and Fractal Parameters of Shale Rocks: Ultrasmall-Angle X-ray Scattering Study

et al. 2014

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The characterization of pore networks is extremely important in understanding transport and storage phenomena in unconventional gas and oil reservoir rocks. An ultrasmall-angle X-ray scattering (USAXS) measurement has been performed on Silurian black shales from the Baltic Basin, Poland, from a wide range of depths along a burial diagenetic sequence. This study provides insight into the nature of the pore structure, including the pore size distribution, total porosity, and fractal dimensions of the rocks. Samples were measured in both their air-dried state, equilibrated at ∼50% relative humidity, and prior to dehydration by drying at 200°C to make a comprehensive comparison of the pore structure changes induced by dehydration. Two trends were observed: porosity values decreased with depth as expected from the models of porosity evolution with burial and increased upon sample dehydration. The USAXS-measured porosity values show very good correspondence with the measurements by immersion porosity methods. The increase in porosity upon dehydration was found to be dominated by a volume increase in the pores of 100−1000 nm diameter; the pores were filled by capillary water and clay-bound water in the air-dry state and liberated during drying. The geometric irregularities of pore−shale rock interfaces have been quantified by fractal dimension. The removal of water from the sample also serves to increase the fractal dimension suggesting that the removal of water molecules increases the surface or mass irregularity. Implications to shale porosity measurement and shale gas models are discussed.

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Dehydration Effect on the Pore Size, Porosity, and Fractal Parameters of Shale Rocks: Ultrasmall-Angle X-ray Scattering Study

et al. 2014

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“…Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) experiments were done using the Maran Ultra 23 MHz spectrometer of Resonance Instruments, Ltd and provided total and effective porosity,  NMR_t and  NMR_eff , respectively; irreducible water volume, S w,irr , and clay bound water, CBW. Specific method -Dual-Liquid Porosimetry (DLP)/Water Immersion Porosimetry (WIP) [6,7] was used to determine total porosity,  WIP [%] and dual liquid porosity,  DLP [%], corrected for swelling of water filled samples, together with grain density GD WIP [g/ccm]. Quantachrome Autosorb-1C automatic gas adsorption apparatus was applied to measure physical adsorption/desorption of nitrogen (N 2 A/D) at 77 K. Nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms were used to characterize the specific surface area, S BET [m 2 /g] and pore size (diameters < 350 nm) distribution [8,9].…”

Section: Laboratory Investigations Of Rock Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Interpretation of the Laboratory Experiments Results to Construct Model of the Polish Shale Gas Rocks

et al. 2018

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Abstract. More than 70 rock samples from so-called sweet spots, i.e. the Ordovician Sa Formation and Silurian Ja Member of Pa Formation from the Baltic Basin (North Poland) were examined in the laboratory to determine bulk and grain density, total and effective/dynamic porosity, absolute permeability, pore diameters size, total surface area, and natural radioactivity. Results of the pyrolysis, i.e., TOC (Total Organic Carbon) together with S1 and S2 -parameters used to determine the hydrocarbon generation potential of rocks, were also considered. Elemental composition from chemical analyses and mineral composition from XRD measurements were also included. SCAL analysis, NMR experiments, Pressure Decay Permeability measurements together with water immersion porosimetry and adsorption/ desorption of nitrogen vapors method were carried out along with the comprehensive interpretation of the outcomes. Simple and multiple linear statistical regressions were used to recognize mutual relationships between parameters. Observed correlations and in some cases big dispersion of data and discrepancies in the property values obtained from different methods were the basis for building shale gas rock model for well logging interpretation. The model was verified by the result of the Monte Carlo modelling of spectral neutron-gamma log response in comparison with GEM log results.

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“…By referring the water immersion porosimetry technique reported for total porosity measurement in gas shale [42], the anhydrous grain densities (ρ 0, p and ρ 0, t ) of HB(p) and HB(t) were determined from the completely dehydrated sample weight in air (ρ air = 0.0012 g cm −3 ) and the completely saturated sample submerged in absolute ethyl alcohol (ρ ethanol = 0.791 g cm −3 ):…”

Section: Granularity and Grain Density Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesopore modification of beta zeolites by sequential alkali and acid treatments: Narrowing mesopore size distribution featuring unimodality and mesoporous texture properties estimated upon a mesoporous volumetric model

Xiao

Wang

et al. 2015

Microporous and Mesoporous Materials

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Total porosity measurement in gas shales by the water immersion porosimetry (WIP) method

Cited by 151 publications

References 46 publications

Dehydration Effect on the Pore Size, Porosity, and Fractal Parameters of Shale Rocks: Ultrasmall-Angle X-ray Scattering Study

Dehydration Effect on the Pore Size, Porosity, and Fractal Parameters of Shale Rocks: Ultrasmall-Angle X-ray Scattering Study

Comprehensive Interpretation of the Laboratory Experiments Results to Construct Model of the Polish Shale Gas Rocks

Mesopore modification of beta zeolites by sequential alkali and acid treatments: Narrowing mesopore size distribution featuring unimodality and mesoporous texture properties estimated upon a mesoporous volumetric model

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