Total Serum Magnesium Levels and Calcium-To-Magnesium Ratio in Sickle Cell Disease

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Imbalance of calcium/magnesium ratio could lead to clinical complications in sickle cell disease (SCD). Low levels of magnesium have been associated with sickling, increased polymerization and vaso-occlusion (VOC) in sickle cell due to cell dehydration. The K-Cl cotransport plays a very important role in sickle cell dehydration and is inhibited by significantly increasing levels of magnesium. The study evaluated total serum magnesium levels and computed calcium/magnesium ratio in SCD patients and “healthy” controls. Materials and Methods: The study was a case-control cross-sectional one, involving 120 SCD patients (79 Haemoglobin SS (HbSS)and 41 Haemoglobin SC (HbSC)) at the steady state and 48 “healthy” controls. Sera were prepared from whole blood samples (n = 168) and total magnesium and calcium measured using a Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (Variant 240FS manufactured by VARIAN Australia Pty Ltd., Melbourne, VIC, Australia). Calcium/magnesium ratios were calculated in patients and the controls. Results: The prevalence of hypomagnesemia and hypocalcaemia among the SCD patients was observed to be 39.17% and 52.50% respectively, higher than the controls (4.17% and 22.92%, for hypomagnesemia and hypocalcaemia, respectively). Level of magnesium was significantly lower in the SCD patients compared to their healthy counterparts (p = 0.002). The magnesium level was further reduced in the HbSS patients but not significantly different from the HbSC patients (p = 0.584). calcium/magnesium ratio was significantly higher in the SCD patients (p = 0.031). Although calcium/magnesium ratio was higher in the HbSC patients compared to those with the HbSS genotype, the difference was not significant (p = 0.101). Conclusion: The study shows that magnesium homeostasis are altered in SCD patients, and their levels are lower in HbSS patients. Although calcium/magnesium ratio is significantly higher in SCD patients compared with controls, there is no significant difference between patients with HbSS and HbSC genotypes. Magnesium supplementation may be required in sickle cell patients.

Promoção da saúde nutricional em adolescente com doença falciforme: Estudo de caso único

“…A hipertensão arterial pulmonar é uma complicação comum em na DF e é um fator de risco muito importante nestes pacientes (Naoum & Naoum, 2004;Antwi-boasiako et al, 2019;Bakris et al, 2015).…”

“…Estudos recentes corroboram esses antigos relatos, devido a importância desse mineral no prognóstico da DF. Níveis séricos mais baixos de zinco na DF são parcialmente devidos a fatores que incluem a redução da reabsorção de zinco nos túbulos renais devido à falcização e metabolismo alterado (Antwi-boasiako et al, 2019;Datta et al, 2019 Por fim, mesmo que de forma objetiva, é possível observar que o adolescente compreende a necessidade na melhora de seus hábitos alimentares e que possui dificuldades em relação ao consumo de verduras. Problema esse, recorrente apresentado no período da adolescência devido à autonomia nas escolhas alimentares, que por muitas vezes são por alimentos de baixo valor nutritivo.…”

Sickle cell disease as an accelerated aging syndrome

“…17 Low plasma levels of ionized magnesium and red cell magnesium were reported in a significant proportion of patients with SCD. 18 Magnesium seems to act as a vasodilator and a calcium channel blocker in the heart, and thus, magnesium deficiency is reportedly associated with hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and atherosclerosis. 17 In SCD, magnesium deficiency could also lead to red cell dehydration; an effect that increases the rate of sickling and hemolysis.…”

Magnesium in the prevention of gestational complications in women with pregnancy induced in the art cycle

“…Як показує аналіз анотованих генів людського генома, в організмі людини існує не менше 500 магній-залежних білків. Магній діє як кофактор для більш ніж 300 ферментів, регулюючи низку основних функцій, таких як скорочення м'язів, нервово-м'язове проведення, глікемічний контроль, скорочення міокарда й артеріальний тиск [13,15,20,33]. Магній сприяє активному перенесенню іонів кальцію і калію через клітинні мембрани, що важливо для проведення нер вових імпульсів, скорочення м'язів, підтримання вазомоторного тонусу і нормального серцевого ритму [20,31].…”