Total SO2 Emissions from Power Stations and Evaluation of their Impact in Kuwait Using a Gaussian Plume Dispersion Model

Ramadan, Ashraf; Al-Sudairawi, Mane; Alhajraf, S.; Khan, Abid Hossain

doi:10.3844/ajessp.2008.1.12

Cited by 21 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…15 Concentrations of benzene, toluene, and octane measured by canisters of collecting the canister samples. This is plausible when considering that serious pollution episodes in cities are not directly caused by sudden increase in pollutant emissions but result from unfavorable meteorological conditions (Ramadan et al 2008). According to Ramadan et al (2008), the meteorological parameters that provoke pollutant increase are temperature, relative humidity, and wind.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In Kuwait, ambient air is primarily polluted with emissions from electricity generation plants, refineries, petrochemical industries, and vehicle exhausts (Ramadan et al 2007(Ramadan et al , 2008. SO 2 , hydrocarbons, and NO x are of high concern with the first one being mainly produced by electricity generation plants and heavy vehicles using diesel while the second and third being mainly produced by small vehicles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Air quality assessment in Southern Kuwait using diffusive passive samplers

Ramadan

2009

Environ Monit Assess

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Measurements of fortnightly average concentrations of NO, NO2, SO2, H2S, NH3, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (aromatics=benzene, toluene, o-xylene, m+p-xylene, ethyl benzene; non-aromatics=nonane and octane) were carried out in the period from 26/10/05 to 24/11/05 at 20 points in the southern part of Kuwait as part of a baseline environmental impact assessment study requested by Kuwait National Petroleum Company. Two waves of triplicate diffusive passive samplers were used. A high volume air sampler was used to measure PM10 too. During the sampling period, the wind was observed to be mainly from the west and northwest with an average of 4.28 m/s. The consistency of the results allowed the production of spatial distribution maps of the pollutants measured and consequently the comparison between levels of air pollution at different locations. A comparison between the measured concentrations and the applicable air quality standards promulgated by Kuwait Environment Public Authority (KEPA) showed that those compounds had low concentrations compared to both industrial and residential KEPA standards. For other compounds which are not covered by KEPA standards, the results were compared with relevant limits of US Environment Protect Agency (USEPA) and US Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration. The comparison showed that the measured compounds had low concentrations compared to the existing standards and, accordingly, no violation of air quality standards is reported.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Air quality assessment in Southern Kuwait using diffusive passive samplers

Ramadan

2009

Environ Monit Assess

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“…The regional problem like acid rain or photochemical ozone production in the troposphere initiated by the reaction of hydrocarbons with OH radicals in the presence of nitrogen oxides and sunlight originate smog and visibility problems. (Kalabokas et al, 2001;Ramadan et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oil Refineries Emissions Impact on Urban Localities Using AERMOD

Abdelrasoul¹

2010

American Journal of Environmental Sciences

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Problem statement:The absolute necessity of compulsory fuel utilities, no matter small or big has resulted into substantial high hazards pollutants. Petroleum refineries are major industrial installations that are necessary for providing the best suited fuel for various necessary utilities, but are responsible of the emission of several hazardous pollutants into the atmosphere. Hydrocarbons are among the most perilous air pollutants that are emitted from almost all refining processes in petroleum refineries. Approach: Every day leaks and gaseous discharge from relief valves and liquid discharge, which are often directed to knock-out drums, are flared to minimize the impact of hydrocarbons emissions. But these flares are not that efficient and result into partial discharge of pollutants that have severe impact on the industrial area and urban localities in the vicinity of industrial refining complex. Results: In the present study, a thorough investigation has been completed to estimate the total emissions of sulfur dioxide SO 2 and non methane hydrocarbons NMHC (VOCs) and to assess their impact on the air quality in industrial and suburban areas. The latest version AMS/EPA Regulatory Model (AERMOD) specially designed to support the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)'s was used to predict the ground level concentrations of SO 2 , VOCs from AL-Ahmadi and Al-Shuiba Refineries of total refining capacity of 646 thousand barrels/day. Conclusion/Recommendations: These concentrations are compared with EPA standards to indicate the ambient air quality. The dispersion model was corroborated with extensive one year hourly record of the surface and upper air meteorological data for year 2006 and emission rates of the specified pollutants, with detailed refinery stacks parameters, such as stack height, diameter, exit flue gas velocity and temperature to determine the fraction of total study area in the vicinity of refineries that had substantially high concentration of these pollutants. It's found that 10 % of selected area under study has exceedance for SO 2 , 13 % exceedance for non-methane hydrocarbons NMHC, and there is no exceedance for NO 2 which is considered about 50 % of total NOx emissions.

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“…The area of air quality in the State of Kuwait has been discussed by many researchers [2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Wahab and Bouhamra [9] used a mobile Air Pollution Monitoring Laboratory, (APML) to study air pollution in a residential area of Kuwait, which was affected by road traffic increase at an unimaginable scale.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Influence on the Ambient Air Quality in Al Jahra City for Year 2010

Alenezi¹,

Al-Anzi²,

Abusam³

et al. 2012

JEP

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Eight primary criteria air contaminants were measured continuously for the year 2010 to evaluate ambient air quality in Al Jahra, which is one of the oldest and busiest cities in the state of Kuwait. The state of the art instrumentation was used to record the pollutants concentration to ppb levels maintaining quality control and quality assurance. Hourly base data for Non-Methane Hydrocarons (NM-HC), CH 4 , CO, CO 2 , O 3 , SO 2 , NO 2 and Particulate Matter (PM 10 ) were analyzed for year 2010. Meteorological parameters contributing to air pollution, such as (temperature, solar intensity, wind speed and direction) have also been considered. The effect of winter and summer seasonal changes on pollutant concentration levels were analyzed to identify the most probable sources for the application of the futuristic mitigation methods for pollution abatement. The obtained results consistently suggest that the foregoing pollutant concentration levels are higher in winter than summer due to poor dispersion and shallow inversion layer with the exception of O 3 , CO 2 and PM 10 . However, all of the pollutant concentrations are below the allowable standards limits except for NM-HC.

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Total SO2 Emissions from Power Stations and Evaluation of their Impact in Kuwait Using a Gaussian Plume Dispersion Model

Cited by 21 publications

References 9 publications

Air quality assessment in Southern Kuwait using diffusive passive samplers

Air quality assessment in Southern Kuwait using diffusive passive samplers

Oil Refineries Emissions Impact on Urban Localities Using AERMOD

Seasonal Influence on the Ambient Air Quality in Al Jahra City for Year 2010

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