Total synthesis of enhygrolide A and analogs

Copper-free Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions: an overview

“…These catalysts have recently been reported to efficiently promote this type of Sonogashira reaction due to likely inhibition of dearomative rearrangement step in the catalytic cycle. Similar reports of copper and amine-free Sonogashira reaction have also been reported to catalyze the synthesis of pyrazolo [5,1b] [1,3]oxazoles in water as well as arylation of phenylacetylene [89][90][91] or functionalization of quinoline scaffolds 88 with or without using ligands, respectively. In 2016, Karami et al employed a heterogeneous organic-inorganic hybrid catalyst as an efficient tool in this reaction.…”

“…This named reaction has proved useful in many areas of organic synthesis, including the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, heterocycles, natural products, organic compounds, complex molecules having biological activities, nanomaterials, and many more materials that we use in our daily lives. 1 The Sonogashira reaction is among the most prominent methods for sp 2 -carbon-sp-carbon bond formation extensively used in organic synthesis. The original reaction includes the coupling of a terminal alkyne with an alkyl halide in the presence of a palladium species as a catalyst, a copper complex as a cocatalyst, and a phosphine or amine as a base.…”