Total Tocopherols, Carotenoids, and Fatty Acids Content Variation of Pistacia atlantica from Different Organs’ Crude Oils and Their Antioxidant Activity during Development Stages

Abstract

The current study investigated the effect of developmental stages on the chemical composition and the antioxidant activity of fifteen crude oil samples obtained from Pistacia atlantica Desf. leaves, galls, and fruits. Twelve fatty acids were detected by GC/FID, linolenic acid (C18 : 3) was the major fatty acid detected in leaves crude oils that registered [41.73 % (P<0.05)] on the last stage. The best content of tocopherols and carotenoids was recorded at the last stage for leaves and galls oils, respectively, with values of [1.530±0.01, 0.52±0.01 (P<0.05) mg α‐tocopherol equivalent/g DW] and [86.60±0.95, 69.15±0.13 (P<0.05) μg β‐carotene equivalent/g DW]. For fruits oils, the content varied depending on the levels of fruits maturation. The results from DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS assays revealed that the antioxidant activity increased with the increasing content of tocopherols and carotenoids in leaves and galls oils during development stages, and varied for fruits oils depending on the ripening stages. Moreover, according to PCA analysis, the best phytoconstituent content and antioxidant activity were attributed to P. atlantica Desf. fruit's crude oils. Also, a strong relationship was found between the antioxidant activity and bioactive phytochemical components, such as tocopherols, carotenoids, and omega‐three fatty acid, which confirmed that P. atlantica Desf. crude oils present a valuable source of natural antioxidant that could be used for pharmaceutical and food industries purposes.

Morphological and Chemical Differentiation between Tunisian Populations of Pinus halepensis, Pinus brutia, and Pinus pinaster

“…These results highlight the effect of climatic conditions on the concentration of vitamin E of P. halepensis . Indeed, the impact of genetic and environmental factors on the content and composition of oils and vitamins extracted from several plant species has been previously shown [29–34] …”

Nutritional Content and Antioxidant Capacity of the Seed and the Epicarp in Different Ecotypes of Pistacia atlantica Desf. Subsp. atlantica

“…The phenolic content of epicarp was significantly higher than those of seed (nearly twice, Figure 1 ). Fruits of the Atlas pistachio are rich in lipids, particularly unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) [ 4 , 5 ] and have significant antioxidant capacity [ 6 , 47 ]. Indeed, the biochemical analysis of the fruits of the different ecotypes indicates that they were rich in phenolic compounds ( Figure 1 ) at the scale of the seed and epicarp [ 24 , 47 ].…”

“…Its oil is used for both food and cosmetic purposes [ 3 , 4 ]. Nevertheless, fruits of Atlas pistachio are widely consumed by the local population as a nutrient, and they have numerous applications in cosmetics, pharmaceutical and feed industry [ 5 , 6 ].…”

3-Methoxycarpachromene and Masticadienonic Acid as New Target Inhibitors from <em>Pistacia atlantica </em>Leaves against Trypanothione Reductase of Leishmania Parasites: In Vitro and In Silico Studies

“…Pistacia atlantica Desf (P. atlantica) is the famous taxa of the Pistacia genus belongs to the family Anacardiaceae that grows in the Middle Eastern regions and the Mediterranean. Traditionally, the plant parts were employed for therapeutic purposes due to their healing potentials [26], such as stomach aches, indigestion, throat infections, and peptic ulcers, a repellent of insects, against chest diseases, expectorant, and anti-asthma [27]. Previous researchers have described various biological activities for different P. atlantica extracts: antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, antiplasmodial and antileishmanial [28].…”