Signal processing in a fiber optic temperature sensor has a major impact on the metrological performance of the instrument. Therefore, continuous improvement of the signal processing algorithm is an important aspect of remaining competitive. Using a fiber-optic temperature sensor based on the Raman effect manufactured by Keepline LLC, it is shown how the application of effective signal processing methods can significantly reduce the instrument error. A fiber 8258 m long was used as a sensitive element, the spatial resolution of the instrument was 2 m. It is found that the noise in the signal is distributed according to the normal law. Measurements were made at instrument temperatures of 25.95 and 44.73 °C. Using linear regression analysis, it was found that heating the instrument causes a slope of the thermogram, which needs to be corrected. A logarithmic function was used to correct the thermogram. Thus, it was possible to reduce the range of temperature values along the length of the fiber from 3.47 to 2.35 °C, and RMS from 0.579 to 0.392 °C. In addition, the dependence of the transient process on the heating of the instrument is given and recommendations for adjusting the calibration coefficients are provided