Total volatile flux from Mount Etna

Abstract

[1] The Total Volatile (TV) flux from Mount Etna volcano has been characterised for the first time, by summing the simultaneously-evaluated fluxes of the three main volcanogenic volatiles: H 2 O, CO 2 and SO 2 . SO 2 flux was determined by routine DOAS traverse measurements, while H 2 O and CO 2 were evaluated by scaling MultiGAS-sensed H 2 O/SO 2 and CO 2 /SO 2 plume ratios to the UV-sensed SO 2 flux. The time-averaged TV flux from Etna is evaluated at $21,000 tÁday À1

Rapid oxidation of mercury (Hg) at volcanic vents: Insights from high temperature thermodynamic models of Mt Etna's emissions

“…The composition of Etna's emissions is well constrained in terms of the most abundant gases (e.g., H 2 O, SO 2 , CO 2 , H 2 S, HF, HCl, HBr, HI; Aiuppa et al, 2004Aiuppa et al, , 2005aAiuppa et al, , 2005bAiuppa et al, , 2008. The relatively detailed understanding of the degassing regime makes Etna an important "laboratory" volcano for investigating metal emissions from volcanoes.…”

New Advances in Dial-Lidar-Based Remote Sensing of the Volcanic CO2 Flux

“…As longer-term volcanic gas records increase in number and quality, full empirical evidence is finally emerging for increased CO 2 flux emissions prior to eruption of mafic to intermediate volcanoes (Aiuppa, 2015). Precursory plume CO 2 flux increases have been now detected at several volcanoes, including Etna (Aiuppa et al, 2008;Patanè et al, 2013), Kilauea (Poland et al, 2012), Redoubt (Werner et al, 2013), Turrialba (de Moor et al, 2016a), and Poas (de Moor et al, 2016b).…”

“…As longer-term volcanic gas records increase in number and quality, full empirical evidence is finally emerging for increased CO 2 flux emissions prior to eruption of mafic to intermediate volcanoes (Aiuppa, 2015). Precursory plume CO 2 flux increases have been now detected at several volcanoes, including Etna (Aiuppa et al, 2008;Patanè et al, 2013), Kilauea (Poland et al, 2012), Redoubt (Werner et al, 2013), Turrialba (de Moor et al, 2016a), and Poas (de Moor et al, 2016b).At Stromboli (in Italy), however, CO 2 flux observations have been particularly valuable for interpreting, and eventually predicting, the volcano's behavior (Aiuppa et al, 2010a Stromboli, the "regular" mild strombolian activity is occasionally interrupted by larger-scale vulcanian-style explosions, locally referred as "major explosions" or (in the most extreme events) "paroxysms" (Rosi et al, 2006(Rosi et al, , 2013Andronico and Pistolesi, 2010;Pistolesi et al, 2011;Pioli et al, 2014). These explosions, although short-lived (tens of seconds to a few minutes), represent a real hazard for local populations, tourists and volcanologists, since they produce fallout of coarse pyroclastic materials over wide dispersal areas (Rosi et al, 2013).…”

Ultraviolet Imaging of Volcanic Plumes: A New Paradigm in Volcanology

“…For instance, spatial information was typically only available heretofore from volcanoes with multiple craters, by the rare occurrence of walking traverse observations made very close to the source [38]. By gathering spatial information, the cameras implicitly provide scope for the resolution of gas fluxes from heterogenous sources, as exploited on Vulcano island (Italy), to measure gas fluxes from individual fumaroles [39].…”

“…By simulating degassing behaviour from a series of underground gas flow mechanisms, and comparing the results against field data to determine best matches, e.g., using correlative approaches, new avenues will be opened in terms of being able to understand how subterranean processes drive volcanism. We recently combined these approaches for the first time [38], illustrating the exciting scientific potential contained therein, in a study of strombolian activity on the Strombolian volcano. There is now much work remaining to be done in expanding this methodology to unravel degassing dynamics across a wide spectrum of activity styles and volcanic targets.…”