Tough Mudder Injuries, Triathlon Drownings, and Team Rhabdomyolysis in the Navy

Eichner, E. Randy

doi:10.1249/jsr.0000000000000044

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…24 Most recently, obstacle races combining aerobic and anaerobic activities performed at different environmental settings (eg, running and/or crawling on mud, diving in freezing water and being exposed to electrical discharges, which are commonly followed by alcohol intake) such as Tough Mudder are becoming popular. 41 This is associated with various risk factors for rhabdomyolysis such as extenuating exercise, dehydration and exposure to heat, infectious disease, electrical pulses, physical trauma and alcohol consumption. 42 Furthermore, intense and enthusiastic coaching or challenge by peers is the force that drives the already highly motivated professional or recreational athletes beyond their limit of exertion in many cases.…”

Section: Ck Elevationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exertional rhabdomyolysis: physiological response or manifestation of an underlying myopathy?

Scalco

Snoeck

Quinlivan

et al. 2016

BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med

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Exertional rhabdomyolysis is characterised by muscle breakdown associated with strenuous exercise or normal exercise under extreme circumstances. Key features are severe muscle pain and sudden transient elevation of serum creatine kinase (CK) levels with or without associated myoglobinuria. Mild cases may remain unnoticed or undiagnosed. Exertional rhabdomyolysis is well described among athletes and military personnel, but may occur in anybody exposed to unaccustomed exercise. In contrast, exertional rhabdomyolysis may be the first manifestation of a genetic muscle disease that lowers the exercise threshold for developing muscle breakdown. Repeated episodes of exertional rhabdomyolysis should raise the suspicion of such an underlying disorder, in particular in individuals in whom the severity of the rhabdomyolysis episodes exceeds the expected response to the exercise performed. The present review aims to provide a practical guideline for the acute management and postepisode counselling of patients with exertional rhabdomyolysis, with a particular emphasis on when to suspect an underlying genetic disorder. The pathophysiology and its clinical features are reviewed, emphasising four main stepwise approaches: (1) the clinical significance of an acute episode, (2) risks of renal impairment, (3) clinical indicators of an underlying genetic disorders and (4) when and how to recommence sport activity following an acute episode of rhabdomyolysis. Genetic backgrounds that appear to be associated with both enhanced athletic performance and increased rhabdomyolysis risk are briefly reviewed.

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Section: Ck Elevationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exertional rhabdomyolysis: physiological response or manifestation of an underlying myopathy?

Scalco

Snoeck

Quinlivan

et al. 2016

BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med

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“…The growing popularity of OCRs and their apparent risks has led to significant concerns regarding their safety 3. Media reports focus on serious injuries such as drowning, paralysis, seizures, hypothermia, viral infection outbreaks and even death 1 4–7.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obstacle course runs: review of acquired injuries and illnesses at a series of Canadian events (RACE)

et al. 2016

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“…Of concern with panic disorder is the potential occurrence of a panic attack while participating in a water-based athletic event. Anecdotal stories from the swim portions of triathlons (Eichner, 2011(Eichner, , 2014 have suggested that a panic attack may increase the risk of hyperventilating and drowning. Although the link between panic attacks and fatalities has not been established, it does raise awareness of the consequences of panic attacks in high-risk sports.…”

Section: Anxiety and Related Disorders And Impairment For Athletesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, Gulliver, Griffiths, Mackinnon, Batterham, and Stanimirovic (2015) found that 4.5% of an elite Australian athlete population had clinically significant panic disorder symptoms (not diagnostic). There are also case studies and anecdotal evidence of athletes experiencing panic attacks during competition (Eichner, 2011(Eichner, , 2014. The occurrence of panic attacks prior to competition should be viewed as a situation-specific panic attack, social anxiety, or a specific phobia rather than panic disorder and the presence of unexpected panic attacks.…”

Section: Anxiety and Related Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%