Toughening and brittle‐tough transition in polyamide 12‐organoclay/maleated styrene‐ethylene‐co‐butylene‐styrene nanocomposites

Abstract

Tough nanocomposites based on polyamide 12 (PA12) can be obtained by the addition of a maleated rubber to a highly dispersed PA12-clay nanocomposite by melt processing. The nanostructure behavior was evaluated by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that the organoclay was highly dispersed and mostly located in the PA12 matrix due to the larger affinity between the polyamide and the clay, but some of the organoclay was also present in the polymer/polymer interface. The presence of organoclay slightly increased the dispersed particle size, indicating decreased compatibilization. This was attributed to a partial shielding of maleic anhydride compatibilizer by surfactant. The addition of the elastomer considerably improved the toughness of the PA12-based nanocomposites, maintaining its stiffness; i.e., the nanocomposites with 25% rubber content showed an increase of 25-fold of notched impact strength of the PA12 matrix, meanwhile ductility and stiffness remained constant. This allowed us to obtain toughened PA12 PNs throughout a large range of strain rate and a modulus similar to that of the unmodified PA12. The position of the brittle/tough transition in terms of rubber content, determined by the standard notched Izod test (25% mSEBS) is basically the same as that determined by the essential work of fracture procedure.

Fracture toughness of PA6/POE‐g‐MA/TiO2 ternary nanocomposites according to the essential work fracture method

“…According to Figure 9D, which is related to the P10E4T specimen, the elastomer phase provides a higher fracture toughness through the particle cavitation and subsequent shear‐yielding of the matrix compared to the binary blends without nanoparticles. [ 77 ]…”

“…According to Figure 9D, which is related to the P10E4T specimen, the elastomer phase provides a higher fracture toughness through the particle cavitation and subsequent shear-yielding of the matrix compared to the binary blends without nanoparticles. [77] In Figures 9F and 8H for P20E4T and P30E4T specimens, the micrographs demonstrate the creation of microvoids (which serve as the source of nucleation) and severe shear yielding of the matrix material together with the development of fibrillation structures. As observed, by the addition of 4 wt% of TiO 2 in PA6/POE-g-MA reduced w e compared to the binary blends.…”

Effect of nanoclay on the morphology and properties of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene toughened polyoxymethylene (POM)/clay nanocomposites

“…Chiu et al investigated the role of maleated polyolefin elastomer (POEMA) as toughener in polyamide 6 (PA 6)/clay (cloisite 30B) nanocomposites and reported that there was a balancing in tensile properties and toughness between those of neat PA 6 and PA 6/clay nanocomposites. Gonzalez et al studied the processing of tough polyamide 12 (PA 12) by adding maleated rubber [styrene‐ethylene/butylenestyrene (SEBS) triblock copolymers] to a well‐dispersed PA 12‐clay nanocomposites in melt condition. They reported that, the notched impact strength of the PA 12 matrix in the nanocomposites was increased by 25‐folds on addition of 25% rubber content, whereas, ductility and stiffness remained almost constant.…”

Toward Largely Enhanced Toughness and Balanced Strength in PA1012/EPDM Blends via Synergistic Effect of Sacrificial Bonds and Network Structure

“…Figure 6c displays the comparison of ratio values of impact strength and tensile strength (modified PA/neat PA) in this work with those of long chain nylon (PA11, PA12, PA1010, PA1012, PA1212) blends reported in previous literature. [ 5,8,47–58 ] The detailed ratio values of impact strength, tensile strength, and content of each component in these blends are summarized in Table S1, Supporting Information. It can be seen that the blend designed in this work has balanced impact strength and tensile strength with the lower modifier loading.…”