Toughening and strengthening epoxy resins with a new bi-DOPO biphenyl reactive flame retardant

Hu, Guoliang; Zhang, Xiaoqing; Bu, Minglu; Lei, Caihong

doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111488

Cited by 56 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…The T g of EP/10@HB2.0 is almost the same as that of EP, which is consistent with the result of crosslinking density, indicating barely sacrificing T g . The comprehensive properties of epoxy resin materials with the flame performance of UL-94 V-0, including the increase in strength (%) and toughness (%), are shown in Figure S5 and compared with the reported literature works. − The results show in the case of the same flame-retardancy level of UL-94 V-0, the epoxy resins in this work show the best comprehensive performance, indicating that HB2.0 is the promising flame retardant and toughening agent.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 63%

Hyperbranched Phosphorus-Containing Benzoxazine for Epoxy Modification: Flame Retardant and Toughening Agent

Jin

Dai

Zhang

et al. 2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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To overcome the high flammability and brittleness of epoxy resin (EP) without sacrificing its glass transition temperature (T g ) and mechanical properties, a series of hyperbranched benzoxazines (HB1.0−HB2.5) were synthesized using 6-(bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl)dibenzo[1,2]oxaphosphinine 6oxide (DOPO-2OH) as the "hard" segment and Jeffamine T403 as the "soft" segment. The property investigation revealed that HB2.0 with the optimized ratio of "hard/soft" segments was the appropriate additive for commercial EP. Furthermore, the comprehensive performance of the EP/HB2.0 system was significantly enhanced compared to the pristine EP, demonstrating a 115% increase in impact strength and 5.7 °C in T g . Impressively, when the loading of HB2.0 was only 10 phr (phosphorus content is 0.34 wt %), the modified EP passed the UL-94 V-0 rating and achieved a limited oxygen index (LOI) value of 30.8%, mainly resulting from the flame inhibition effect of the gaseous phase. This research provided an appealing technique for simultaneously improving the toughness and flame retardancy of EP.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 63%

Hyperbranched Phosphorus-Containing Benzoxazine for Epoxy Modification: Flame Retardant and Toughening Agent

Jin

Dai

Zhang

et al. 2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…Nevertheless, the tensile and impact strengths were lower than the initial values 18 . Hu et al synthesized a novel flame retardant (DOPO‐M) from magnolol and DOPO, which endowed EP with a LOI value of 30.2% 19 . Huo et al synthesized a curing agent containing phosphaphenanthrene/imidazole and applied it to EP.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…18 Hu et al synthesized a novel flame retardant (DOPO-M) from magnolol and DOPO, which endowed EP with a LOI value of 30.2%. 19 Huo et al synthesized a curing agent containing phosphaphenanthrene/imidazole and applied it to EP. The obtained sample was able to improve the LOI value, but both tensile and flexural strength were all decreased.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ladder‐like cross‐linked network of epoxy resin through multi‐site interaction: Flame retardancy and mechanical properties

Lai

Lin

et al. 2023

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Most epoxy resins (EP) suffer from sacrificial mechanical properties in flame retardancy applications. Through a facile reaction between N‐aminoethylpiperazine (N‐AEP) and 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DOPO), a novel multi‐site interaction flame retardant, DOPO‐based aminoethylpiperazine (abbreviate as AEPO), was successfully synthesized, which could form a ladder‐like cross‐linked network with EP. EP modified by AEPO (EP‐AEPO) was tested for flame retardancy using the limiting oxygen index (LOI), the vertical burning test (UL‐94), and the cone calorimeter test (CCT). According to the results, EP‐10 (EP with 10 phr of AEPO) could pass UL‐94 V‐0 rating and get a LOI value of 35.5%, the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) of EP‐10 were also decreased by 25.2% and 29.8%, respectively, which caused by the synergistic charring effect of phosphorus and nitrogen elements contained in the structure of AEPO. Due to the ladder‐like cross‐linked network formed through multi‐site interaction, the mechanical properties demonstrated a significant improved. This work opened up a new strategy for achieving a comprehensive improvement on multifunctional EP through the design of a novel ladder‐like cross‐linked network with multi‐site interaction.

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“…Nevertheless, a single DOPO flame retardant component often requires excessive amounts to generate a favorable flame retardant effect when used. Recent studies have found that the introduction of various flame retardant elements, such as nitrogen, boron, and sulfur, into the DOPO system will lead to better flame retardant effects through synergistic effects 12–17 . For instance, Zou et al synthesized a novel P/N/S heterocyclic containing flame retardant for EP, called TAP.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent studies have found that the introduction of various flame retardant elements, such as nitrogen, boron, and sulfur, into the DOPO system will lead to better flame retardant effects through synergistic effects. [12][13][14][15][16][17] For instance, Zou et al synthesized a novel P/N/S heterocyclic containing flame retardant for EP, called TAP. With the introduction of 10 wt% TAP, the limit oxygen index (LOI) value rose from 22.8% of neat EP to 31.5%.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel epoxy resin system containing bismaleimide and DOPO‐based flame retardant with excellent flame retardancy and toughness

Liu

Zhang

Jia

et al. 2023

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Abstract9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxo‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DOPO) and special tetra functional epoxy resin (EP) AG‐601 were combined to synthesize a reactive flame retardant (FREP) and then incorporated into EP, obtaining the flame retardant material EP/FREP. To achieve EPs with higher flame retardancy and mechanical properties, a new intrinsically flame retardant EP system named EP/FRDM was produced by modifying EP/FREP with high thermal resistance bismaleimide (BDM). In the presence of a distinct FRDM structure comprising phosphaphenanthrene/nitrogen, the EP possessed superior flame retardancy and impact toughness. The curing process of EP/FRDM was investigated using Real‐Time Fourier‐transform Infrared. In terms of fire performance, the limiting oxygen index of the EP/FRDM‐3 was raised from 31.4% to 38.2%, and the vertical burning rating was improved after BDM was added to the EP/FREP system. It was discovered that EP/FRDM exhibited a classic two‐phase flame retardant influence by analyzing the residual carbon morphology and pyrolysis behavior. Simultaneously, the glass transition temperature (Tg) of EP/FRDM remained essentially stable, and the char residue yield rose markedly, which indicated that the system had outstanding thermal stability, according to the results of the dynamic mechanical analysis and thermogravimetric analysis tests. Notably, the EP/FRDM experienced an internal chain expansion reaction when BDM was added, giving flame retardant materials excellent flexural and impact strengths and promising future application opportunities.

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Toughening and strengthening epoxy resins with a new bi-DOPO biphenyl reactive flame retardant

Cited by 56 publications

References 61 publications

Hyperbranched Phosphorus-Containing Benzoxazine for Epoxy Modification: Flame Retardant and Toughening Agent

Hyperbranched Phosphorus-Containing Benzoxazine for Epoxy Modification: Flame Retardant and Toughening Agent

Ladder‐like cross‐linked network of epoxy resin through multi‐site interaction: Flame retardancy and mechanical properties

A novel epoxy resin system containing bismaleimide and DOPO‐based flame retardant with excellent flame retardancy and toughness

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