Toughening mechanisms in a multi-phase alloy of nylon 6,6/polyphenylene oxide

Sue, H.‐J.; Yee, Albert F.

doi:10.1007/bf02397085

Cited by 123 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…This crazing is often observed in stiff and brittle materials. 41,42 The P(3HB-co-7 mol% 3HH) cast Figure 5 DMTA tand of blend cast films aged for 1 month. (a) P(3HB)/PCL, (b) P(3HB-co-7 mol% 3HH)/PCL and (c) P(3HB-co-11 mol% 3HH)/PCL.…”

Section: Microstructural Modificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The toughening effect of a small amount of poly(ɛ-caprolactone) on the mechanical properties of the poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate)/PCL blend

Katsumata

Saitō

Fang

et al. 2011

Polym J

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To improve the mechanical properties of bacterial poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB)] and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) [P(3HB-co-3HH)], the materials were blended with poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL). The P(3HB-co-7 mol% 3HH) cast film and the P(3HB-co-11 mol% 3HH) melt-pressed film show brittleness after aging, although unaged samples show ductile behavior. However, the addition of a small amount of PCL was found to greatly improve the toughness of the P(3HB-co-7 mol% 3HH) cast film and the P(3HB-co-11 mol% 3HH) melt-pressed film. Reduction in the whitening of the elongated P(3HB-co-7 mol% 3HH) film by blending with PCL indicates that a transition in the deformation mechanism of the film was induced. In P(3HB-co-11 mol% 3HH)/PCL melt-pressed films, a cloud of craze initiation created by the dispersed PCL was observed. Differential scanning calorimetry thermograms and scanning electron microscopy images of the blended films indicated that finely dispersed PCL, the crystallization of which was restricted, and/or voids formed during preparation contribute to the delocalization of the applied stress and ductile deformation of P(3HB-co-3HH) films. In conclusion, the transition in the deformation mechanisms and the delocalization of the applied stress are expected to be important for enhancing the toughness of aged P(3HB-co-3HH)s, and blending with a small amount of PCL is a simple way to improve the mechanical properties of P(3HB-co-3HH)s. Polymer Journal (2011) 43, 484-492; doi:10.1038/pj.2011.12; published online 23 February 2011Keywords: blend; mechanical property; polyhydroxyalkanoate; poly(e-caprolactone); tensile test INTRODUCTION Several kinds of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biosynthesized by various bacteria as energy-storage materials. 1-5 They may be produced from renewable natural resources and have biodegradability. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) [P(3HB-co-3HH)] is part of the PHA family. 6 Doi et al. 7 have found that the content of the 3HH unit greatly affected the thermal and mechanical properties of P(3HB-co-3HH), but had little effect on the crystalline structure of 3HB-rich P(3HB-co-3HH)s because of the formation of the P(3HB)-homopolymer-type crystalline phase and the exclusion of the 3HH unit from the crystalline lattice. P(3HB-co-3HH) was found to show improved mechanical properties and thermal plasticity over those of known PHAs. 8,9 One of the notable advantages of P(3HB-co-3HH)s is their adjustable mechanical properties, from soft to hard material, depending on the comonomer-unit composition; this allows for the tailoring of P(3HB-co-3HH) to various societal applications, such as in green and sustainable polymeric materials.However, P(3HB-co-3HH) becomes brittle after aging at room temperature, thus restricting its practical applications. Although

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Section: Microstructural Modificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The toughening effect of a small amount of poly(ɛ-caprolactone) on the mechanical properties of the poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate)/PCL blend

Katsumata

Saitō

Fang

et al. 2011

Polym J

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“…To investigate the toughening micromechanisms of the polymer blends a doublenotch four-point-bend (DN-4PB) technique was employed [32][33][34][35][36]. When the specimen is loaded in four-point bending, two almost identical pre-cracks experience nearly identical levels of stress.…”

Section: Double-notch Four-point-bend Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toughness of syndiotactic polystyrene/epoxy polymer blends: microstructure and toughening mechanisms

Johnsen

Kinloch

Taylor

2005

Polymer

116

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“…The concept of using thermoplastic modification in composites is quite similar to the rigid-rigid polymer toughening concept [15][16][17][18], which utilizes an engineering polymer to toughen another engineering polymer, in high-performance thermoplastics and thermosets applications. However, this approach, depending on the type of thermoplastic and how it is incorporated into the composite, does not always produce an acceptable toughening effect and consistent mechanical properties [11,13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fracture behaviour of model toughened composites under Mode I and Mode II delaminations

1993

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The fracture behaviour of two toughened epoxy compositesystems was investigated using various microscopy techniques. The Mode I delamination fracture toughness, G m, Mode II delamination fracture toughness; G,c, and compression after impact (CAI) strength of these model composite systems were also measured. Under Mode I fracture, it was found that these composites exhibit nearly identical toughening mechanisms to those of the rubber-modified neat resins. The composites differ primarily in having smaller damage zones than the neat resin equivalents. Under Mode II fracture, the typical hackles were found to initiate from inside the resin-rich interlaminar region due to the presence of the toughener particles. The CAI strength, based on the present study as well as the work conducted by others, appeared to be related to, but not necessarily strongly dependent on, the interlaminar G~c and G=~c, the thickness of the interlaminar resin-rich region, and the type of the interlaminar toughener particles. Approaches for improving the G~c, G,c, and CAI strength of high-performance toughened composites are discussed.

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Toughening mechanisms in a multi-phase alloy of nylon 6,6/polyphenylene oxide

Cited by 123 publications

References 26 publications

The toughening effect of a small amount of poly(ɛ-caprolactone) on the mechanical properties of the poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate)/PCL blend

The toughening effect of a small amount of poly(ɛ-caprolactone) on the mechanical properties of the poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate)/PCL blend

Toughness of syndiotactic polystyrene/epoxy polymer blends: microstructure and toughening mechanisms

Fracture behaviour of model toughened composites under Mode I and Mode II delaminations

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