Toughening of semi‐IPN structured epoxy using a new PEEK‐type polymer via <i>in situ</i> azide–alkyne click polymerization

Lee, Jin Seo; Ko, Na Yeong; Kwak, Nho Hoon; Ying, Wu; Lee, Bumjae

doi:10.1002/app.48178

Cited by 20 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Acetonitrile (95%), dichloromethane (99%), hexane (95%), and acetone (95%) were purchased from Duksan Chemical Co. Ltd. (Ansan, Korea). 20.0 g of α, α'-dichloro-p-xylene, 29.7 g of sodium azide, and 700 mL of acetonitrile were added into a three-necked round flask and stirred at 78 • C for 48 h. The mixture was filtered and was then extracted with dichloromethane and water using a separating funnel to remove the unreacted sodium azide. The solvent was removed and the residue was purified using column chromatography (eluent: dichloromethane/n-hexane = 7/3).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, in situ-type thermoplastic toughening agents, polytriazoleketone (PTK) and polytriazolesulfone (PTS) polymer, were developed to improve the fracture toughness without increasing the viscosity of the epoxy resin [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. These are added to the monomer forms in the epoxy resin and are polymerized via azide-alkyne click reaction during epoxy curing reaction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative Study on Toughening Effect of PTS and PTK in Various Epoxy Resins

et al. 2021

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This study investigated the toughening effect of in situ polytriazoleketone (PTK) and polytriazolesulfone (PTS) toughening agent when applied to various epoxy resins, such as diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA), diglycidyl ether of bisphenol F (DGEBF), and triglycidyl p-aminophenol (TGAP) with 3,3′-diaminodiphenylsulfone as a curing agent. The fracture toughness, tensile properties, and thermal properties of the prepared epoxy samples were evaluated and compared. When PTK was mixed with DGEBF, the fracture toughness was improved by 27% with 8.6% increased tensile strength compared to the untoughened DGEBF. When PTS was mixed with TGAP, the fracture toughness was improved by 51% without decreasing tensile properties compared to the untoughened TGAP. However, when PTK or PTS was mixed with other epoxy resins, the fracture toughness decreased or improved with decreasing tensile properties. This is attributed to the poor miscibility between the solid-state monomer of PTK (4,4′-bis(propynyloxy)benzophenone (PBP)) or PTS (4,4′-sulfonylbis(propynyloxy)benzene (SPB)) and the epoxy resin, resulting in the polymerization of low molecular weight PTK or PTS in epoxy resin. Therefore, the toughening effect of PTK or PTS can be maximized by the appropriate selection of epoxy resin based on the miscibility between PBP or SPB and the resin.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study on Toughening Effect of PTS and PTK in Various Epoxy Resins

et al. 2021

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“…In fact, the fracture energy of PVP/EP rises slightly, which is probably due to the inadequate loading of PVP. 31 Therefore, the increase in the toughness of ATCG-PVP/EP composites is mainly ascribed to the well-dispersed ATCG, which is further investigated by SEM.…”

Section: Performance Of Ep Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epoxy resin composites with commercially available graphene: toward high toughness and rigidity

Jian-xiang

Chen

et al. 2019

RSC Adv.

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“…The results showed that only 5 wt % of poly(p-BAB/SPB) was required to obtain the fracture toughness higher than the toughness of epoxy system modified with 20 wt % of PES at room temperature [ 35 ]. The same research group also reported the synthesis of poly(ether ether ketone) based toughening agent, poly(p-BAB/PBP), for epoxy modification [ 60 ]. The preparation process and structure of neat and poly(p-BAB/PBP) modified epoxy systems is shown in Figure 8 .…”

Section: Ipn Based Epoxy Systems With Thermoplastic Toughenersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toughening of Epoxy Systems with Interpenetrating Polymer Network (IPN): A Review

2020

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Epoxy resins are widely used for different commercial applications, particularly in the aerospace industry as matrix carbon fibre reinforced polymers composite. This is due to their excellent properties, i.e., ease of processing, low cost, superior mechanical, thermal and electrical properties. However, a pure epoxy system possesses some inherent shortcomings, such as brittleness and low elongation after cure, limiting performance of the composite. Several approaches to toughen epoxy systems have been explored, of which formation of the interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) has gained increasing attention. This methodology usually results in better mechanical properties (e.g., fracture toughness) of the modified epoxy system. Ideally, IPNs result in a synergistic combination of desirable properties of two different polymers, i.e., improved toughness comes from the toughener while thermosets are responsible for high service temperature. Three main parameters influence the mechanical response of IPN toughened systems: (i) the chemical structure of the constituents, (ii) the toughener content and finally and (iii) the type and scale of the resulting morphology. Various synthesis routes exist for the creation of IPN giving different means of control of the IPN structure and also offering different processing routes for making composites. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current state-of-the-art on toughening of epoxy matrix system through formation of IPN structure, either by using thermoplastics or thermosets. Moreover, the potential of IPN based epoxy systems is explored for the formation of composites particularly for aerospace applications.

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Toughening of semi‐IPN structured epoxy using a new PEEK‐type polymer via in situ azide–alkyne click polymerization

Cited by 20 publications

References 52 publications

Comparative Study on Toughening Effect of PTS and PTK in Various Epoxy Resins

Comparative Study on Toughening Effect of PTS and PTK in Various Epoxy Resins

Epoxy resin composites with commercially available graphene: toward high toughness and rigidity

Toughening of Epoxy Systems with Interpenetrating Polymer Network (IPN): A Review

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