Toughening, synergistic fire retardation and water resistance of polydimethylsiloxane grafted graphene oxide to epoxy nanocomposites with trace phosphorus

Luo, Jintian; Yang, Shang‐Dong; Lei, Luoqi; Zhao, Jianqing; Tong, Zhen

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2017.05.019

Cited by 50 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…As shown in Table S2, phosphorus content is as high as 10 wt % in NGN-LDH-P, which is much higher than most reported data of phosphorus modification. [31][32][33] F I G U R E 3 XRD pattern of GO, NGN, MgAl-LDH, NGN-LDH and NGN-LDH-P [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com] TEM images (Figure 6a) show that LDH has a distinct hexagonal crystal structure, which is consistent with the results observed by SEM. In Figure 6b, a large number of horizontal and vertical hexagonal LDH sheets are distributed on pleated graphene sheets due to the electrostatic attraction, indicating that LDH is successfully loaded onto the graphene sheets.…”

Section: Characterizationsupporting

confidence: 78%

Superior thermal stability and smoke suppression of epoxy resin composites with graphene/LDHphosphorus‐rich hybrids

Zhou

Kang

Huang³

et al. 2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In this article, graphene/LDH phosphorus‐rich triple hybrid was prepared by a mild method and used to effectively improve the thermal stability and smoke suppression of epoxy resin (EP). The graphene was firstly reacted with hexamethylenediamine (HA) and followed by the treatment with the layered double hydroxide (LDH) and NaH2PO4 solutions. Compared to the unmodified graphene, the initial decomposition temperature of the triple hybrids increases significantly from 168.6 to 292.5°C. The residual carbon content is greatly improved and the residual mass is up to 84.1%. Elemental analysis reveals the content of phosphorus in EP composites is as high as 10 wt%. In flame retardancy tests, the peak heat release rate of the EP composite with 5 wt% graphene/LDH phosphorus‐rich hybrids decreases to 786.15 KW/m2, 41.19% drastic reduction compared to that of EP. These results indicate that the triple functionalization process effectively expands the interval distribution of heat release and makes the heat release process more gradual and spread flames smaller. The smoke production rate and total smoke production rate of EP composite with 5 wt% graphene/LDH phosphorus‐rich hybrids are 0.32 m2/s and 40.91 m2, which are significantly reduced by 65.22 and 57.83%, respectively. This gentle and efficient process provides a new approach to multi‐functional design to improve the thermal stability and smoke suppression of resin‐based composites.

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Section: Characterizationsupporting

confidence: 78%

Superior thermal stability and smoke suppression of epoxy resin composites with graphene/LDHphosphorus‐rich hybrids

Zhou

Kang

Huang³

et al. 2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…In addition, functionalization increases the graphene compatibility with specific polymers improving the reinforcing effect [14]. Graphene was grafted flame retardant components or functional groups on its surfaces to possess better thermal stability and flame retardant properties [15][16][17][18]. In our study, we also proved that functionalized graphene nanosheets were well dispersed in organic solvents, meaning that the modified fillers will be uniformly dispersed in polymer matrix [19].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Preparation and Performance of Ecofriendly Epoxy/Multilayer Graphene Oxide Composites with Flame-Retardant Functional Groups

Chen

Chiang

2018

J. Compos. Sci.

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This study aimed to prepare ecofriendly flame retardants. Using the-OH and-COOH functional groups of multilayer graphene oxide (GO) for the hydrolytic condensation of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), TEOS was grafted onto GO to form Si-GO. Subsequently, p-aminophenol (AP) was grafted onto Si-GO to produce Si-GA, forming composite materials with epoxy (EP). The structures and properties of the composite materials were examined with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and the limiting oxygen index (LOI). In terms of structure, FTIR observed two characteristic peaks of Si-GO, namely Si-O-C and Si-O-Si, indicating that TEOS was successfully grafted onto GO. TGA was used to determine the thermal stability of the epoxy/Si-GA composites; with the increase in Si-GA, the char yield of the materials increased from 15.6 wt % (pure epoxy) to 25 wt % (epoxy/10 wt % Si-GA), indicating that Si-GA effectively enhanced the thermal stability of the epoxy matrix. Lastly, the flame retardant tests determined that the LOI value rose from 19% (pure epoxy) to 26% (epoxy/10 wt % Si-GA), proving that graphene with modified silicon can be used to enhance the flame retardancy of epoxy.

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“…The figure depicts the disappearance of characteristic GO peak at 2θ = 11.2° and a new broad peak can be observed at 22.1° related to diffraction domains of Si‐O‐based backbones . Moreover, a wing of a peak appears at 2θ = 5°, its peak maximum is expected to be at 2θ = 3.12 suggesting increasing of d‐spacing from 0.81 nm of GO to ≈1.55 nm for functionalized GO due to the introduction of the bulky branched polysiloxane. This result confirms expanding of GO lamella due to the functionalization step.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Silane‐functionalized graphene oxide/epoxy resin nanocomposites: Dielectric and thermal studies

Rehim

Turky

2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Improved dispersion of graphene oxide (GO) in the epoxy resin, as nanofiller, requires surface modification. Hence, functionalization of GO with small silane (GONSi) and bulky silane moieties (GOSi) has been carried out. Structural confirmation analysis of the prepared GO and modified forms have been performed using different analytical techniques. Cationic photocuring polymerization of pure aliphatic epoxy resin (CE) and loaded samples with GO, GOSi, or GONSi in amounts 0.5 and 1 wt % has been followed by FTIR. Loading of CE showed a passive effect for the modified filler on the conversion of the CE during photocuring, whereas the thermal stability of loaded epoxy resin is enhanced. Dielectric properties investigations revealed that the insulation feature of CE is not seriously reduced by the addition of GO or its modified forms. The secondary relaxation β process originating from the fluctuations of the side functional hydroxyl group can be described by the semi‐empirical Cole–Cole function. The dielectric loss values are decreasing in the order GONSi > GOSi > GO > CE. Furthermore, it was found that the activation energy of the dynamic process is related to the conversion and to the ratio of the modified filler. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48253.

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Toughening, synergistic fire retardation and water resistance of polydimethylsiloxane grafted graphene oxide to epoxy nanocomposites with trace phosphorus

Cited by 50 publications

References 55 publications

Superior thermal stability and smoke suppression of epoxy resin composites with graphene/LDHphosphorus‐rich hybrids

Superior thermal stability and smoke suppression of epoxy resin composites with graphene/LDHphosphorus‐rich hybrids

Preparation and Performance of Ecofriendly Epoxy/Multilayer Graphene Oxide Composites with Flame-Retardant Functional Groups

Silane‐functionalized graphene oxide/epoxy resin nanocomposites: Dielectric and thermal studies

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