Tour leaders’ job crafting: Scale development

Yen, Chang‐Hua; Tsaur, Sheng‐Hshiung; Tsai, Cheng-Hsien

doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2018.05.017

Cited by 36 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The current study referred to the scale development technique by Churchill (1979); Tsaur, Lin and Liu (2013); Choi, Law, and Heo (2016) and Yen, Tsaur and Tsai (2018). Four stages were involved based on 3 studies to develop a scale for content marketing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This study used a multi-staged scale development approach to foster a measurement scale for content marketing. Several guidelines from past studies were referenced to develop the scale (such as Churchill, 1979;Hinkins, 1995;Tsaur, Lin & Liu, 2013;Choi, Law & Heo (2016) and Yen, Tsaur & Tsai, 2018). Four stages were taken to develop the DESCONTMARKS.…”

Section: Scale Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This questionnaire took around 10 to 15 minutes to complete. Next, in the refinement stage of DESCONTMARKS, items with a low correlation value of below -.5 were eliminated (Yen, Tsaur and Tsai, 2018). Hence, 24 out of 42 items were eliminated.…”

Section: Scale Refinement (Study 2)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, this study only focused on the quantitative approach and did not consider a qualitative perspective. Besides, the present study made reference to previous works of literature by Tsaur, Lin, and Liu (2013); Choi, Law, and Heo (2016) and Yen, Tsaur and Tsai (2018). These studies generated the items from focus groups whereas the present study generated items via extensive literature reviews.…”

Section: Limitation and Directions For Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

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DESCONTMARKS: Scale Development and Validation

Ismail¹,

Aziz²,

Basha³

et al. 2021

ASS

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In order to attract more tourists to visit a particular place, destination content marketing plays an important role. Tourism research has recently shown an interest in destination content marketing; especially when tourism destination is advertised. Currently, there is no scale available to measure content marketing for promoting tourism destination. The present study has two primary objectives. First, to investigate the dimension of destination content marketing in destination related context. Second, to develop and validate a multiple-item scale for measuring content marketing towards tourism destination. This study uses a rigorous scale development technique which involves three stages of scale development using 3 separate studies. The study confirms that destination content marketing scale (DESCONTMARKS) comprises of three dimensions, measured with 10 items. The implications of the destination content marketing scale for practitioners, as well as suggestions for future research are provided.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Scale Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Scale Refinement (Study 2)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Limitation and Directions For Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

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DESCONTMARKS: Scale Development and Validation

Ismail¹,

Aziz²,

Basha³

et al. 2021

ASS

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“…This study followed an eight-step procedure for developing the measurement scale proposed by Churchill (1979). The scale has been widely used in previous studies (e.g., DeVellis 2012; Ghosh and Mandal 2018; Hung and Petrick 2010; Yen, Tsaur, and Tsai 2018). Churchill (1979) proposed that researchers should demonstrate flexibility when applying his procedures (Zhang et al 2016).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating Tourism Market Regulation from Tourists’ Perspective: Scale Development and Validation

Liu

Yao

Fan

2019

Journal of Travel Research

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Despite the increasing attention given to tourism regulation in recent years, great ambiguity surrounds this concept and no valid and reliable instrument exists to measure tourism market regulation (TMR). This study uses multi-step mixed methods to develop a measurement scale of TMR from the perspective of tourists. In the first step, interviews and focus groups are undertaken to formulate a clear definition of TMR and its attributes. In the second step, a scale development procedure is adopted to analyze two rounds of data for dimension exploration via exploratory factor analysis and confirmation via confirmatory factor analysis. Through these analyses, five dimensions are generated: regulatory oversight, truth in advertising, tourism contract compliance, fulfilling tourism contracts, and travel feedback processing. The reliable and valid results contribute to refining TMR in the context of China. They also provide a useful tool for tourists and destination marketing organizations to measure and govern TMR in other regions/countries.

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