Tourism and poverty reduction: theory and practice in less economically developed countries

Spenceley, Anna; Meyer, Debra

doi:10.1080/09669582.2012.668909

Cited by 206 publications

(145 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“… developing inter-sectoral linkages such as those between agriculture and artisan production for livelihood diversification (Spenceley & Meyer, 2012); access to information, inclusive participation; and,  capacity building (McCool et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An analysis of livelihood linkages of tourism in Kaziranga National Park, a Natural World Heritage Site in India

Hussain¹,

Barthwal²,

Badola³

et al. 2012

PARKS

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We evaluated the livelihood linkages of existing tourism practices in Kaziranga National Park, a World Heritage site located in Assam, India. The main objective of the study was to assess the contribution of tourism to local livelihoods and suggest ways to strengthen these linkages. Focus group discussions and interviews of tourism service providers were carried out to identify their share of tourism income. A survey of tourists was conducted to examine the amount spent by visitors while visiting the park. The primary data was supplemented by secondary information obtained from the park office, service providers and records of village self-help groups. In 2006-2007, the total amount of money that flowed through the tourism sector in Kaziranga National Park was estimated to be US$ 5 million per annum, of which different stakeholders (excluding government) received US$ 3.27 million per annum. The balance of income flowed as leakage for purchase of supplies and logistic support outside the tourism zone. The financial benefits to local stakeholders may increase if the leakages could be prevented through planned interventions such as proper marketing of products from cottage industries and strengthening of local level institutions. In addition to wildlife viewing, promotion of nature trails and package tours may be encouraged in the buffer zones and adjoining forests areas to enhance tourist visitation to un-tapped sites that could provide additional livelihood options to local communities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An analysis of livelihood linkages of tourism in Kaziranga National Park, a Natural World Heritage Site in India

Hussain¹,

Barthwal²,

Badola³

et al. 2012

PARKS

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“…This is demonstrated through case studies from many different parts of the world [6,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. Its roots are embedded in the sustainable tourism framework, which, in turn, is derived from the overarching field of sustainable development.…”

Section: Theoretical Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poverty Alleviation through Pro-Poor Tourism: The Role of Botswana Forest Reserves

Manwa

2014

Sustainability

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Both government and international donor agencies now promote the use of tourism to alleviate poverty. The Botswana government has embraced tourism as a meaningful and sustainable economic activity and diversification opportunity, which now ranks second after mining in its contribution to the country's gross domestic product.The study reported in this paper investigates perceptions of stakeholders on the opportunities that would be created for the poor by opening up Botswana's forest reserves for ecotourism. Data was collected through mixed methods involving in-depth interviews with government departments, traditional leaders, quasi-government organisations and the Hospitality and Tourism Association of Botswana. Focus group discussions were also held with village development committees, Chobe Enclave Conservation Trust (CECT) and Kasane, Lesoma and Pandematenga Trust (KALEPA) members, and a consultative national workshop of stakeholders was also held. The findings indicate that opening up forest reserves for ecotourism has the potential to alleviate poverty among the disadvantaged groups living adjacent to forest reserves through direct (employment, small-and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)), secondary (linkages/partnerships) and dynamic effects (sustainable livelihoods). The study concludes by cautioning that whilst pro-poor tourism may yield short-and medium-term benefits, in keeping with sustainability objectives, participants in the programme need to be mindful of forestry encroachment and come up with strategies to ensure the sustainability of the Botswana forest reserves. OPEN ACCESSSustainability 2014, 6 5698

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“…Tourism is a global industry that can provide a mechanism for wealth transfer from the rich to the poor (Spenceley & Meyer, 2012). However, people living nearby tourist attractions also bear disproportionate costs of tourism (Archabald & Naughton-treves, 2001).…”

Section: Governance In Tourism Value Chainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysing governance in tourism value chains to reshape the tourist bubble in developing countries: the case of cultural tourism in Uganda

Adiyia

Stoffelen

Jennes

et al. 2015

Journal of Ecotourism

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Several studies found larger benefits for communities when local stakeholders could participate in the tourism value chain by 'linking' their labour, products and services to the sector. However, the establishment of local linkages is difficult because of the complexity of the tourism system that consists of multi-sectoral and multi-scalar relationships. Moreover, in developing countries, empowered stakeholders tend to organise the tourism value chain vertically in which tourists are led in a spatially and socially confined trajectory in the destination, the so-called tourist bubble. This paper analyses the effect of governance in the tourism value chain on the establishment of local linkages to reshape the social and spatial boundaries of the tourist bubble in Uganda. Specifically, the possibilities of cultural tourism are explored as one particular way to reshape the bubble, that is centred on nature-based and ecotourism focuses. Results show that cultural activities can reshape the social boundaries of the bubble, while the catalyst role of cultural tourism developments is less successful in reshaping the spatial bubble boundaries. The national scale is pivotal to ensure that (1) local stakeholders are empowered to overcome existing barriers to enter and (2) international stakeholders are given incentives to reshape the bubble.

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Tourism and poverty reduction: theory and practice in less economically developed countries

Cited by 206 publications

References 70 publications

An analysis of livelihood linkages of tourism in Kaziranga National Park, a Natural World Heritage Site in India

An analysis of livelihood linkages of tourism in Kaziranga National Park, a Natural World Heritage Site in India

Poverty Alleviation through Pro-Poor Tourism: The Role of Botswana Forest Reserves

Analysing governance in tourism value chains to reshape the tourist bubble in developing countries: the case of cultural tourism in Uganda

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