Tourism in the MED 11 Countries

Tourism and growth in Lebanon: new evidence from bootstrap simulation and rolling causality approaches

“…Moreover, Lebanon was also listed in the top 10 most visited Middle-East travel destinations in 2011. In terms of economic benefits, Lanquar (2011) claimed that in 2009, the contribution of the tourism sector to the GDP in Lebanon was only 9.6 %, but this increased drastically to 37.6 % of the GDP in 2010. Likewise, the tourism sector also provided the Lebanese with many employment opportunities.…”

Economic Transitions in Central and Eastern Europe：Any Lessons for the Arab Spring?

“…. It remains to be seen whether these efforts will be sufficient in order to firmly underpin MENA's transition: the present author increasingly shares some of the recently voiced scepticism in this respect -see Lanquar (2011), Emerson (2011), Ould Mohamedou, 2012, Schumacher (2012 …”

How Important is Tourism for the International Transmission of Cyclical Fluctuations? Evidence from the Mediterranean

“…Tourism receipts as a share of total service receipts are estimated to be 71.6% in Turkey, 67.9% in Syria, 67.5% in Morocco, 63.3% in Tunisia and 50.1% in Egypt in 2010. Employment in the tourism sector grew 152% from 1990 to 2000 and a further 144% in the following decade, and now represents on average 13.6% of total employment, according to Lanquart (2011). In some countries, such as Tunisia or Egypt, the share of the population employed in tourist related activities is larger and exceeds 25%.…”