Tourism, Terrorism And Turmoil In Nepal

Bhattarai, Keshav; Conway, Dennis; Shrestha, Nanda R.

doi:10.1016/j.annals.2004.08.007

Cited by 106 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Both the government and Maoists sidelined economic development; the government through its ''security first'' approach (Kumar, 2003) and the Maoists through their ideology of ''destruction before construction'' (Singh, 2004). The government increasingly directed funding towards military spending (Bhattarai, Conway, & Shrestha, 2005;Thapa & Sijapati, 2004). Access to education and healthcare became restricted to those who could pay for it out of pocket.…”

Section: Political Violence and Context: Challenges To Psychosocial Wmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2003, the bottom 20% of the population subsisted of 3.7% of the national income, while the top 10% monopolized 50% of the wealth (Kumar, 2003). Tourism, the third largest industry, also decreased dramatically due to both the internal conflict and the global war on terror (Bhattarai et al, 2005).…”

Section: Political Violence and Context: Challenges To Psychosocial Wmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Political violence and mental health: A multi-disciplinary review of the literature on Nepal

Tol

Kohrt

Jordans

et al. 2010

Social Science & Medicine

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Section: Political Violence and Context: Challenges To Psychosocial Wmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Political Violence and Context: Challenges To Psychosocial Wmentioning

confidence: 99%

Political violence and mental health: A multi-disciplinary review of the literature on Nepal

Tol

Kohrt

Jordans

et al. 2010

Social Science & Medicine

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“…Tourists' safety is always vulnerable to terrorist-related incidents and internal conflicts in host countries. In the tourism literature, most empirical research reveals that tourism is susceptible to terrorism acts, particularly if terrorist attacks happen in developing countries (Baker & Coulter, 2007;Bhattarai, Conway, & Shrestha, 2005;Llorca-Vivero, 2008;Thompson, 2011;Yaya, 2009). advantageous because such data provide more information, more variability, less collinearity among the variables, more degrees of freedom, and more efficiency (Baltagi, 2008).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Political Instability, Terrorism, and Corruption Have Deterring Effects on Tourism Development Even in the Presence of Unesco Heritage? A Cross-Country Panel Estimate

Yap¹,

Saha²

2013

Tourism Analysis

131

119

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This article evaluates the effects of political instability, terrorism, and corruption on tourism development, particularly UNESCO-listed heritage destinations. Using a fixed-effects panel data analysis for 139 countries over the period 1999–2009, the result reveals that a one-unit increase in political instability decreases tourist arrivals and tourism revenue between 24% and 31% and 30% and 36%, respectively. Furthermore, in the presence of heritage, terrorism has negative effects on tourism demand even though its effect is lower than that of political instability. However, the study shows that an increase in corruption index would not have an adverse influence on tourist arrival numbers, particularly for those countries that have historical and natural heritage. Perhaps, many experienced travelers have expectations that they would require paying bribes to corrupt authorities for travel visa or permits to some tourist destinations in order to make things accessible. Moderation effect results indicate that political instability reduces tourism demand even in UNESCO-listed heritage destinations.

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“…Reaksi pasar modal yang lebih buruk menimpa industri penerbangan karena investor memprediksi bahwa serangan teroris memberikan dampak lebih buruk terhadap kinerja industri penerbangan selanjutnya dibandingkan industri lainnya, misalnya turunnya jumlah pengguna penerbangan, penurunan cash flow perusahaan (Wei dan Zhang 2008), serta tingginya biaya operasional. Bhattarai et al (2005) menyatakan bahwa serangan teroris yang menyebabkan terbunuhnya raja dan keluarganya di Nepal tahun 2001 (peristiwa ini dikenal dengan nama Perang Maoist) mengakibatkan penurunan kedatangan turis asing sebanyak 42% di Nepal selama tahun [2001][2002][2003]. Selanjutnya, kinerja keuangan industri pariwisata dan perhotelan makin menurun dan memaksa perusahaan untuk mengurangi biaya operasional dan melakukan pengurangan jumlah karyawan.…”

Section: Latar Belakangunclassified

Jenis Industri, Kepemilikan Saham Asing Dan Reaksi Pasar Modal Akibat Serangan Bom Teroris

Utama¹,

Hapsari²

2012

JAKI

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previous studies showing that terrorist attack is deemed as bad news in capital market and consequently will negatively affect the investment decision (Chen dan Siem 2004).Keywords : event study, cumulative abnormal return, tourism industry, proportion of foreign ownership AbstrakTujuan utama penelitian ini adalah menginvestigasi reaksi pasar modal di Indonesia terhadap serangan bom teroris, dan pengaruh jenis industri (industri pariwisata atau industri lainnya) dan proporsi kepemilikan saham asing terhadap reaksi tersebut. Berdasarkan data serangan bom teroris dari tahun 2000 sampai dengan tahun 2006, uji event study menunjukkan bahwa secara umum pasar modal Indonesia bereaksi negatif terhadap serangan bom teroris. Lebih lanjut, hasil analisis regresi memperlihatkan bahwa reaksi pasar modal terhadap serangan bom teroris akan lebih negatif untuk industri pariwisata dibandingkan industri lainnya. Sementara reaksi pasar modal tersebut tidak tergantung pada proporsi kepemilikan asing di Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, temuan ini konsisten dengan studi di luar negri yang mengimplikasikan bahwa pasar umumnya menganggap peristiwa serangan teroris merupakan berita buruk dan dapat mempengaruhi keputusan investasi (Chen dan Siem 2004).Kata kunci : event study, cumulative abnormal return, industri pariwisata, proporsi kepemilikan saham asing LATAR BELAKANGInformasi memiliki peranan yang sangat penting dalam pasar modal, hal ini mengingat bahwa harga merupakan refleksi semua informasi yang relevan (Eficient Market Hypotesis). Informasi publik digunakan investor untuk mengambil keputusan investasi, antara lain informasi yang berkaitan dengan kondisi fundamental perusahaan seperti laporan keuangan dan pengumuman tindakan korporasi (corporate action announcement) serta faktor makroekonomi seperti tingkat pertumbuhan industri, tingkat inflasi, dan tingkat suku bunga. Namun, tidak dapat dipungkiri pula bahwa peristiwa non

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Tourism, Terrorism And Turmoil In Nepal

Cited by 106 publications

References 4 publications

Political violence and mental health: A multi-disciplinary review of the literature on Nepal

Political violence and mental health: A multi-disciplinary review of the literature on Nepal

Do Political Instability, Terrorism, and Corruption Have Deterring Effects on Tourism Development Even in the Presence of Unesco Heritage? A Cross-Country Panel Estimate

Jenis Industri, Kepemilikan Saham Asing Dan Reaksi Pasar Modal Akibat Serangan Bom Teroris

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