“…Voice-activated technologies are being installed in hotel rooms (Bittendorfer et al, 2019). Fast food restaurants install selfservice kiosks to sell burgers, while airports and hotelsfor self-check-in (Kaushik, Agrawal, & Rahman, 2015;Liu & Hung, 2019;Wei, Torres & Hua, 2016). Tourism and hospitality companies use automation technologies not only to streamline operations, cut costs, and be more price-competitive (Ivanov, 2019); but also to create new experiences (Tung & Au, 2018).…”