Tourist carrying capacity of Santana cave (PETAR-SP, Brazil): A new method based on a critical atmospheric parameter

Lobo, Heros Augusto Santos

doi:10.1016/j.tmp.2015.07.001

Cited by 37 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The value of cave microclimate increases in the morning until evening due to tourism activities in Gelatik Cave. This condition is in accordance with the research which conducted in Baiyun Cave, China (Linhua et al, 2000); Pozalagoa Cave, Spain (Lario and Soler, 2010); Postojna Cave, Slovenia (Sebela et al, 2014a); and Santana Cave, Brazil (Lobo et al, 2015;Lobo, 2015). The microclimate in Gelatik Cave has increased during the number of tourists raised and will come back down after tourism activities in Gelatik Cave are closed.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Cave carrying capacity was analyzed by the method developed by Lobo (2015). This method was developed to determine the cave carrying capacity with speleoclimate data.…”

Section: B Data Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This method was developed to determine the cave carrying capacity with speleoclimate data. Cave carrying capacity of Lobo (2015) was based on the ability of cave to restore speleoclimate on normal conditions. Outputs of cave carrying capacity were the daily limit visitation and the maximum time of stay inside accepted for a particular area inside the cave.…”

Section: B Data Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cave tourism capacity is calculated to determine the maximum value of visitors allowed to travel inside the cave so that the sustainability of the cave is maintained. Cave tourism capacity was measured using the method developed by Lobo (2015). The calculation of cave tourism capacity uses four analysis stages, namely 1) calculation of available time for visitation (atv); 2) calculation of the number of groups that are supposed to daily visit the cave (ng); 3) calculation of the daily limit of visitation (dlv); and 4) calculation of the maximum possible time to the cave atmosphere to recover(mt).…”

Section: Cave Tourism Capacitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Changing in cave microclimate occur because the intervention of human activities inside the cave (de Freitas, 2010). Tourism activities probably decrease relative humidity; increase cave temperature, and increase cave carbon dioxide concentration (Linhua et al, 2000;Fandeli and Adji, 2005;Lario and Soler, 2010;Sebela et al, 2012;Lobo et al, 2015, Lobo, 2015. The cave temperature can increase during relative humidity decreases due to cave lighting and accumulation of body heat.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Speleoclimate Monitoring to Assess Cave Tourism Capacity in Gelatik Cave, Gunungsewu Geopark, Indonesia

Danardono

Putra

Haryono³

et al. 2018

For. Geo.

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Increased of the number of visitor at Gelatik Cave is a challenge in terms of cave management. In natural conditions, Caves are vulnerable with environmental changes especially microclimates condition. The change of microclimate inside the cave can destruct cave ornaments.Therefore, it is necessary to calculate the cave carrying capacity with microclimates as the main parameter. This research aims to (1) explore the daily variation of speleoclimate in Gelatik Cave Tourism and (2) analyze the cave tourism capacity in Gelatik Cave. Microclimate parameter that was measured in this research was temperature, relative humidity, and carbon dioxide inside the cave. Measurement of microlimate parameter was carried out automatically for 24 hours during peak season in December 2017 and low season in May 2018. Cave tourism capacity was measured using Lobo method (Lobo, 2015). The results showed that temperature, relative humidity, and carbon dioxide in the Gelatik Cave varry due to tourism activities. The most sensitive parameter is the carbon dioxide concentration inside the cave. The maximum of tourists allowed to visit Gelatik Cave is 76 visitors/ day during holidays and working days. Meanwhile, the maximum time of stay accepted for a particular area inside Gelatik Cave is 17 minutes 10 seconds during weekdays and 12 minutes 53 seconds during the holiday season.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Cave carrying capacity was analyzed by the method developed by Lobo (2015). This method was developed to determine the cave carrying capacity with speleoclimate data.…”

Section: B Data Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Data Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cave Tourism Capacitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Speleoclimate Monitoring to Assess Cave Tourism Capacity in Gelatik Cave, Gunungsewu Geopark, Indonesia

Danardono

Putra

Haryono³

et al. 2018

For. Geo.

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Combining Conservation and Visitors’ Fruition for Sustainable Building Heritage Use: Application to a Hypogeum

Gregorini

Lucesoli

Bernardini

et al. 2019

Sustainability in Energy and Buildings

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Impact of water exhaled out by visitors in show caves: a case study from the Moravian Karst (Czech Republic)

Lang,

Faimon,

Pracný

et al. 2024

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The anthropogenic impact of the water and CO2 exhaled by visitors was studied in the show caves of the Moravian Karst (Czech Republic), especially in the Balcarka and Výpustek Caves. Two alternative models based on (1) the known/presumed composition of the breathed air and physical activity of visitors and (2) the detailed monitoring microclimatic data were proposed. The CO2 fluxes of 2.4 × 10−4 and (2.0–3.9) × 10−4 mol person−1 s−1 and the water vapor fluxes of (3.2–8.9) × 10−3 and (0.6–1.2) × 10−2 g person−1 s−1 were found for a slightly increased physical load. The total attendance and cave tour duration were the main driving factors. For the available data on attendance and accessibility periods, the total mass of water vapor exhaled by visitors in all show caves in the Moravian Karst was estimated between 9.6 × 106 and 4.3 × 108 g with significant seasonality. According to the geochemical model, this mass of water is capable of dissolving 1280 to 59,038 g of calcite, assuming a mean winter and summer CO2 concentration in the cave air of 1000 and 3000 ppmv. The larger extent of water condensation can lead to the so-called condensation corrosion, whereas the lower extent of condensation probably causes a recrystallization of calcite on the surface of speleothems and rocks.

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Tourist carrying capacity of Santana cave (PETAR-SP, Brazil): A new method based on a critical atmospheric parameter

Cited by 37 publications

References 22 publications

Speleoclimate Monitoring to Assess Cave Tourism Capacity in Gelatik Cave, Gunungsewu Geopark, Indonesia

Speleoclimate Monitoring to Assess Cave Tourism Capacity in Gelatik Cave, Gunungsewu Geopark, Indonesia

Combining Conservation and Visitors’ Fruition for Sustainable Building Heritage Use: Application to a Hypogeum

Impact of water exhaled out by visitors in show caves: a case study from the Moravian Karst (Czech Republic)

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