Tourist–resident interfaces: using reflexive photography to develop responsible rural tourism in Indonesia

Abstract

This study examines how Indonesia can responsibly develop rural tourism within the tolerance range of local people, particularly for controlling their unique landscapes. It employs reflexive photography as a tool to involve residents for rural tourism development in Sambi village. Data were collected in Sambi using reflexive photography procedures, including a photo-making process and photo-interview. Twenty-eight residents were issued a single-use camera and requested to take photographs of what they deemed important to them. Cameras were provided for a two-week period followed by individual interviews; 618 useable photos were taken. They were coded into 15 topics, and then consolidated into five themes that residents wanted to share: their way of life, environmental features, built structures, people, art and ceremony, while also protecting the cemetery and mosque from tourists. Two strategies (time and space) were utilized by the residents to negotiate what they wanted to share as well as conceal. Residents view time in terms of sacred time (residents time spent alone, family time and time for religious prayer) and impartial time (devoted to working and other daily routines). A model based on four time and space zones was formulated to understand how residents control their landscapes for tourism development.

Adapting photovoice with ESRI Survey123 for tourism disaster research in Banten, Indonesia

“…In photovoice, participants carry a camera and take photographs of particular elements of their daily lives. The role of researchers is only to facilitate this process (Cahyanto et al, 2013;Schumann et al, 2018). Follow up discussion between the researchers and participants then proceeds with a variety of aims.…”

“…In this method, participants take photographs of their own environments supplemented by a lexical-based complementary method to ensure participants convey the meaning they desire to researchers. Variations of this technique that have been used in tourism literature include resident employed photography (Stedman et al, 2004), hostemployed photography (Brickell, 2012), and reflexive photography (Cahyanto et al, 2013).…”

Responsible tourism in Bangkok, Thailand: Resident perceptions of Chinese tourist behaviour

“…To be sure, previous studies linking destination sustainability to responsible tourism behaviour tend to explore ways that tourism stakeholders view themselves, rather than how they view the actions of others. That is, studies commonly emphasize either (a) resident perceptions of their own behaviours (Cahyanto, Pennington‐Gray, & Thapa, ; Chia, Ramachandran, Ho, & Ng, ; Liu et al, ; Mathew & Sreejesh, ; Shahzalal & Font, ; Shamsub & Lebel, ) or (b) tourist perceptions of their own behaviours, often based on certain (e.g., sustainability) criteria important for mitigating visitor impacts (Budeanu, ; Kim, Park, Reisinger, & Lee, ; Paris, Musa, & Thirumoorthi, ; Sin & Minca, ; Yakushiji, ). However, the dearth of studies explicitly analysing the extent to which residents deem visitor behaviour to be responsible represents a significant gap in the responsible tourism literature—a gap that the current study seeks to address.…”

Reflexive photography, attitudes, behavior, and CALL: ITAs improving spoken English intelligibility

“…For example, college freshmen's perceptions of their universities have been examined; Douglas (1998) asked African-American freshmen at a predominately white university to photograph their impressions of the university, and Harrington and Lindy (1998) sought a random sample of 10 students' impressions in order to see whether reflexive photography as a method could help researchers to better understand the desires and expectations of first-year students in order to shed light on retention problems. Nursing students' development of cultural competence while studying abroad in Guatemala was researched using reflexive photography (Amerson & Livingston, 2014), and in the field of tourism, reflexive photography was used for working with local residents in rural Indonesia on how to develop their area for tourism in a responsible way would respect the community's wishes (Cahvanto, Pennington-Gray & Thapa, 2013). By photographing these somewhat abstract concepts, participants have the time and perhaps greater ability to reflect on them, and their critical thinking process is drawn out in the discussion about the photographs.…”