Tourist vehicles as vectors of weed seeds in Kakadu National Park, Northern Australia

Lonsdale, W. M.; Lane, Amanda

doi:10.1016/0006-3207(94)90427-8

Cited by 190 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Vehicles are potential sources of exotic propagules (Lonsdale & Lane 1994;Zwaenepoel et al 2006;Von der Lippe & Kowarik 2007). Presently, the gravelled Sani Pass road is already a major scenic attraction for tourists visiting the Drakensberg region (Briggs 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human activity facilitates altitudinal expansion of exotic plants along a road in montane grassland, South Africa

Kalwij

Robertson

Rensburg

2008

Applied Vegetation Science

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Question: Do anthropogenic activities facilitate the distribution of exotic plants along steep altitudinal gradients? Location: Sani Pass road, Grassland biome, South Africa. Methods: On both sides of this road, presence and abundance of exotic plants was recorded in four 25-m long road-verge plots and in parallel 25 m × 2 m adjacent land plots, nested at five altitudinal levels: 1500, 1800, 2100, 2400 and 2700 m a.s.l. Exotic community structure was analyzed using Canonical Correspondence Analysis while a two-level nested Generalized Linear Model was fitted for richness and cover of exotics. We tested the upper altitudinal limits for all exotics along this road for spatial clustering around four potential propagule sources using a t-test. Results: Community structure, richness and abundance of exotics were negatively correlated with altitude. Greatest invasion by exotics was recorded for adjacent land at the 1500 m level. Of the 45 exotics, 16 were found at higher altitudes than expected and observations were spatially clustered around potential propagule sources. Conclusions: Spatial clustering of upper altitudinal limits around human inhabited areas suggests that exotics originate from these areas, while exceeding expected altitudinal limits suggests that distribution ranges of exotics are presently under estimated. Exotics are generally characterised by a high propagule pressure and/or persistent seedbanks, thus future tarring of the Sani Pass may result in an increase of exotic species richness and abundance. This would initially result from construction-related soil disturbance and subsequently from increased traffic, water run-off, and altered fire frequency. We suggest examples of management actions to prevent this.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human activity facilitates altitudinal expansion of exotic plants along a road in montane grassland, South Africa

Kalwij

Robertson

Rensburg

2008

Applied Vegetation Science

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“…the number of individuals introduced and the number of introduction attempts) and invasion success, which we define broadly as the successful establishment, spread, or proliferation of NIS in novel regions (e.g. Lonsdale and Lane 1994;Veltman et al 1996;Forsyth and Duncan 2001;Rouget and Richardson 2003). Contrary to Baker, Ehrlich, and others, Williamson (1996) stressed the importance of propagule pressure to patterns of successful establishment by NIS, and suggested that invasions were otherwise largely unpredictable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Propagule Pressure: A Null Model for Biological Invasions

2006

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Invasion ecology has been criticised for its lack of general principles. To explore this criticism, we conducted a meta-analysis that examined characteristics of invasiveness (i.e. the ability of species to establish in, spread to, or become abundant in novel communities) and invasibility (i.e. the susceptibility of habitats to the establishment or proliferation of invaders). There were few consistencies among invasiveness characteristics (3 of 13): established and abundant invaders generally occupy similar habitats as native species, while abundant species tend to be less affected by enemies; germination success and reproductive output were significantly positively associated with invasiveness when results from both stages (establishment/ spread and abundance/impact) were combined. Two of six invasibility characteristics were also significant: communities experiencing more disturbance and with higher resource availability sustained greater establishment and proliferation of invaders. We also found that even though 'propagule pressure' was considered in only $29% of studies, it was a significant predictor of both invasiveness and invasibility (55 of 64 total cases). Given that nonindigenous species are likely introduced non-randomly, we contend that 'propagule biases' may confound current paradigms in invasion ecology. Examples of patterns that could be confounded by propagule biases include characteristics of good invaders and susceptible habitats, release from enemies, evolution of 'invasiveness', and invasional meltdown. We conclude that propagule pressure should serve as the basis of a null model for studies of biological invasions when inferring process from patterns of invasion.

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“…Merriam et al 1989;Vos and Chardon 1998), increased mortality (Rosen and Lowe 1994;Fahrig et al 1995;Barthelmess and Brooks 2010), habitat fragmentation and edge effects (Mader 1984;Andrews 1990;Soulé et al 1992;Thiollay 1993' Henjum et al 1994Wigley and Roberts 1994;Jaeger et al 2007;Roedenbeck et al 2007;Spellerberg 1998), invasion by exotic species (Lonsdale and Lane 1994), or increased human access to wildlife habitats (Graham et al 2010), all of which are expected to increase local extinction rates or decrease local recolonization rates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Road effects on habitat richness of the Greek Natura 2000 network

Votsi¹,

Mazaris²,

Kallimanis³

et al. 2012

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The road network has both positive and negative ecological effects, and understanding these helps identify environmentally preferable solutions for transportation policy and planning. We investigated the relationship between road density and habitat type richness of Greek protected areas. We used digital vector maps of 214 sites included in the Greek Natura 2000 network. We calculated road density for the terrestrial part of each site and correlated it with habitat type richness. Average road density of protected areas (0.377 km/ km 2 ) was significantly lower than the national road density of Greece (0.446 km/km 2 ). We identified 32 sites that were not intersected by roads. These roadless sites were located at mountain tops, at islets, or in remote coastal zones. Overall we found no significant correlation between road density and habitat type richness. We suggest that the effect of road networks on habitat type richness is less apparent at landscapes with long history of human presence, because the landscape (and its habitat diversity) has coevolved with human activities over the past millennia. Our analysis provides a step towards quantifying the effect of road density on the diversity of habitats and consequently on species of conservation interest in international networks of protected areas such as the European Natura 2000 network.

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Tourist vehicles as vectors of weed seeds in Kakadu National Park, Northern Australia

Cited by 190 publications

References 4 publications

Human activity facilitates altitudinal expansion of exotic plants along a road in montane grassland, South Africa

Human activity facilitates altitudinal expansion of exotic plants along a road in montane grassland, South Africa

Propagule Pressure: A Null Model for Biological Invasions

Road effects on habitat richness of the Greek Natura 2000 network

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