Tourists' satisfaction and sense of belonging in adopting responsible behaviors: the role of on-site and social media involvement in cultural tourism

Abstract

PurposeThe study aims to analyze the relationship between tourists' satisfaction and their sense of belonging in a specific cultural destination by also investigating the moderating role of their on-site involvement, both offline (on-site activities at the destination) and online (social media activities). A further objective lies in exploring the relationship between tourists' sense of belonging and their adoption of environmentally responsible behavior while at the destination. Finally, the paper attempts to determine whether said behavior can predict tourists' pro-environmental behavior and recommendation intention.Design/methodology/approachTo reach these objectives, a survey and a structural equation model, based on a sample of 647 visitors of an important world Heritage site UNESCO (i.e. Urbino), have been adopted.FindingsFindings reveal a positive influence of sense of belonging on satisfaction and environmentally responsible behavior, which, in turn, influences pro-environmental behavior and Recommendation intention, thus triggering a virtuous process in the tourists' formation as responsible and loyal travelers. Moreover, results underline how the relationship between satisfaction and sense of belonging is significantly strengthened when tourists' on-site activity involvement increases. Conversely, the moderating role of social media involvement is not supported.Practical implicationsThe present study offers important implications for different actors in the tourism sector, such as policy makers, destination marketing organizations (DMOs) and tourism operators.Social implicationsThe present study explores the role of social media involvement, specifically during the tourist's holiday.Originality/valueThis study enriches the empirical evidence in the cultural tourism through an analysis focused on the tourists' perspective, especially by investigating the relationship between satisfaction and emotional constructs (i.e. sense of belonging) that are able to bring environmental and loyalty benefits to the destination. Moreover, although existing research has highlighted the positive influence of the tourists' involvement on their experience, there is a paucity of studies jointly analyzing the on-site and online activities in the sustainability field.

Unlocking destination cultural reputation: the role of sustainable on-site activity involvement as moderator

“…Within the tourism sector, the concept of “involvement” is extensively applied across various activities such as leisure, Internet usage, and tourism itself (Sallaku and Vigolo, 2022; Chua et al ., 2017; Taheri et al ., 2014). It is often linked to the theme of experiential marketing, exploring the role of experiences and activities in tourists’ engagement within destinations (Dini et al ., 2023; Mastroberardino et al ., 2022; Pine and Gilmore, 1998). Han and Hyun (2018) highlighted the pivotal role of involvement in the pre-holiday phase or the decision-making process when selecting a tourism product.…”