Toward a coordinated understanding of hydro‐biogeochemical root functions in tropical forests for application in vegetation models

Abstract

SummaryTropical forest root characteristics and resource acquisition strategies are underrepresented in vegetation and global models, hampering the prediction of forest–climate feedbacks for these carbon‐rich ecosystems. Lowland tropical forests often have globally unique combinations of high taxonomic and functional biodiversity, rainfall seasonality, and strongly weathered infertile soils, giving rise to distinct patterns in root traits and functions compared with higher latitude ecosystems. We provide a roadmap for integrating recent advances in our understanding of tropical forest belowground function into vegetation models, focusing on water and nutrient acquisition. We offer comparisons of recent advances in empirical and model understanding of root characteristics that represent important functional processes in tropical forests. We focus on: (1) fine‐root strategies for soil resource exploration, (2) coupling and trade‐offs in fine‐root water vs nutrient acquisition, and (3) aboveground–belowground linkages in plant resource acquisition and use. We suggest avenues for representing these extremely diverse plant communities in computationally manageable and ecologically meaningful groups in models for linked aboveground–belowground hydro‐nutrient functions. Tropical forests are undergoing warming, shifting rainfall regimes, and exacerbation of soil nutrient scarcity caused by elevated atmospheric CO2. The accurate model representation of tropical forest functions is crucial for understanding the interactions of this biome with the climate.

Tropical root responses to global changes: A synthesis

“…Furthermore, due to the tendency of stronger P rather than N limitation in many tropical forests (Cunha et al, 2022;Wright, 2019), understanding differences in soil nutrient availability will help us predict which regions will be most affected by increased N deposition either directly or indirectly and how this might interact with other global changes (e.g., eCO 2 , drought). Therefore, modeling approaches are of great value in overcoming empirical limitations in predicting root responses to diverse climate change scenarios (Cusack et al, 2024;Norby & Luo, 2004).…”