Toward a Digital Twin for real-time geometry assurance in individualized production

A standards-based approach for linking as-planned to as-fabricated product data

“…The Digital Twin has been discussed as a key enabler of Smart Manufacturing, Industry 4.0, and Cyber-Physical Production Systems [2–7]. For example, the Reference Architectural Model Industry 4.0 defines an “administration shell” (which is a digital twin) as the interface that digitizes a physical asset [8].…”

“…For example, the Reference Architectural Model Industry 4.0 defines an “administration shell” (which is a digital twin) as the interface that digitizes a physical asset [8]. The digital twin is a digital representation of a physical asset that can be used to describe the asset’s properties, condition, and behavior through modeling, analysis, and simulation [2–7]. Thus, a fully automated manufacturing system can collect data and information about its operation to update its digital twin to simulate the effects of any decision to be made [3].…”

“…Thus, a fully automated manufacturing system can collect data and information about its operation to update its digital twin to simulate the effects of any decision to be made [3]. Similarly, the digital twin has been proposed for production planning, scheduling, routing, and control [3–4,9]; design of digitized manufacturing systems [4]; management of geometric variation and digital geometric assurance [6–7]; and design and operation of reconfigurable smart products [5]. Each of these applications relies on an underlying infrastructure to link data, information, and models from various systems across the product lifecycle to generate a holistic perspective of an asset; this infrastructure is the Digital Thread.…”

“…For example, Schleich et al [6] propose a reference model for a digital twin based on concepts from geometrical product specifications, specifically skin model shapes, to manage geometric variation. Similarly, Soderberg et al [7] discuss the functionality and requirements to develop a digital twin for real-time geometry assurance. Rosen et al [3] discuss applications of the digital twin to autonomous scheduling, routing, and fault handling.…”

Requirements of the Smart Factory System: A Survey and Perspective

“…In DT, a virtual model of physical objects are created in a digital world to simulate and monitor their behavior in real environments [87,88]. The DT consists of three components, which are the physical entities, the virtual models, and the connected data that tie between them [89].…”