Toward a formal definition of water scarcity in natural‐human systems

Jaeger, William K.; Plantinga, Andrew J.; Chang, Heejun; Dello, Kathie; Grant, Gordon E.; Hulse, David; McDonnell, Jeffrey J.; Lancaster, S. T.; Moradkhani, Hamid; Morzillo, Anita T.; Mote, Philip W.; Nolin, A. W.; Santelmann, Mary V.; Wu, Junjie

doi:10.1002/wrcr.20249

Cited by 72 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Building on this output, Step 3 addresses the need to identify the least costly package of measures, as mentioned in the WFD. This includes a combination of economic instruments (such as taxes and tradable permits), educational and "awareness" measures on water uses and scarcity issues, investments on green technology, and agri-environmental programs providing technical and financial support (Jaeger et al, 2013).…”

Section: Step 3: Identification and Suggestion Of Appropriate Programmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an integrated methodology for the sustainable environmental and socio-economic management of river ecosystems

Koundouri

Rault

Pergamalis

et al. 2016

Science of The Total Environment

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The development of the Water Framework Directive aimed to establish an integrated framework of water management at European level. This framework revolves around inland surface waters, transitional waters, coastal waters and ground waters. In the process of achieving the environment and ecological objectives set from the Directive, the role of economics is put in the core of the water management. An important feature of the Directive is the recovery of total economic cost of water services by all users. The total cost of water services can be disaggregated into environmental, financial and resource costs. Another important aspect of the directive is the identification of major drivers and pressures in each River Basin District. We describe a methodology that is aiming to achieve sustainable and environmental and socioeconomic management of freshwater ecosystem services. The Ecosystem Services Approach is in the core of the suggested methodology for the implementation of a more sustainable and efficient water management. This approach consists of the following three steps: (i) socio-economic characterization of the River Basin area, (ii) assessment of the current recovery of water use cost, and (iii) identification and suggestion of appropriate programs of measures for sustainable water management over space and time. This methodology is consistent with a) the economic principles adopted explicitly by the Water Framework Directive (WFD), b) the three-step WFD implementation approach adopted in the WATECO document, c) the Ecosystem Services Approach to valuing freshwater goods and services to humans. Furthermore, we analyze how the effects of multiple stressors and socio-economic development can be quantified in the context of freshwater resources management. We also attempt to estimate the value of four ecosystem services using the benefit transfer approach for the Anglian River Basin, which showed the significance of such services.

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Section: Step 3: Identification and Suggestion Of Appropriate Programmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an integrated methodology for the sustainable environmental and socio-economic management of river ecosystems

Koundouri

Rault

Pergamalis

et al. 2016

Science of The Total Environment

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“…Hence, this research study has been carried because understanding drought and modeling its components have drawn attention of ecologists, hydrologists, meteorologists, and agricultural scientists [7]. Therefore, a simple but robust definition of the marginal value of a unit of water, highlighting key aspects of water scarcity and illustrating its many biophysical and socioeconomic determinants is required [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using GIS and Remote Sensing in Assessment of Water Scarcity in Nakuru County, Kenya

Changwony¹,

Sichangi²,

Ngigi³

2017

ARS

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Water is at the core of sustainable development and is critical for socio-economic development, healthy ecosystems and for human survival. This research study has been carried out in Nakuru County, a tropical region in the Rift Valley of Kenya, bounded between latitude 0.28˚N and 1.16˚S, and longitude 36.27˚E and 36.55˚E. The objective of the study has been to use GIS and remote sensing in assessment of water scarcity using Land use Land cover area changes, standard precipitation index and crop yields. Landsat satellite images for the year 1985, 1995, 2005 and 2015 were used. Classification was done using maximum likelihood algorithm while classification accuracy assessment entailed the use of confusion matrix method and ground truth data. Post classification change detection results gave percentage cropland areas as 21% in 1985, 29% in 1995, 53% in 2005 and also 53% in 2015. Eleven (11) ground rainfall stations and TRMM satellite rainfall data from 1985 to 2015 has been used to show meteorological drought. Validation of rainfall data done using correlation coefficient (R 2 ) and root mean square (RMS) methods showed that ground rainfall data and TRMM data correlate. Modelling of 3 months SPI for each of the three seasons (MAM, JJA and OND) has been done using interpolation distance weighted method (IDW). 3 months SPI time scales curves gave October 1987, May 1993, and July 2004 as water scarce and dry seasons and were categorized as either Normal, moderately dry, severely dry and extremely dry. Crop yield trends curves showed crop yield decrease in this identified water scarce and dry years. Conclusion reached is that crop yields is not dependent on size of land ploughed only but mostly on rainfall quantities. Therefore, the findings of this research can be used as drought monitoring tools.

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“…In the PNW, seasonal asynchrony between winter and spring precipitation and runoff and summer water demand makes summer water supplies scarce and vulnerable (Jaeger et al, 2013). Climate change will intensify this water scarcity by reducing summer streamflows (Safeeq et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A hydrogeologic framework for characterizing summer streamflow sensitivity to climate warming in the Pacific Northwest, USA

Safeeq

Grant

Lewis

et al. 2014

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Summer streamflows in the Pacific Northwest are largely derived from melting snow and groundwater discharge. As the climate warms, diminishing snowpack and earlier snowmelt will cause reductions in summer streamflow. Most regional-scale assessments of climate change impacts on streamflow use downscaled temperature and precipitation projections from general circulation models (GCMs) coupled with large-scale hydrologic models. Here we develop and apply an analytical hydrogeologic framework for characterizing summer streamflow sensitivity to a change in the timing and magnitude of recharge in a spatially explicit fashion. In particular, we incorporate the role of deep groundwater, which large-scale hydrologic models generally fail to capture, into streamflow sensitivity assessments. We validate our analytical streamflow sensitivities against two empirical measures of sensitivity derived using historical observations of temperature, precipitation, and streamflow from 217 watersheds. In general, empirically and analytically derived streamflow sensitivity values correspond. Although the selected watersheds cover a range of hydrologic regimes (e.g., rain-dominated, mixture of rain and snow, and snowdominated), sensitivity validation was primarily driven by the snow-dominated watersheds, which are subjected to a wider range of change in recharge timing and magnitude as a result of increased temperature. Overall, two patterns emerge from this analysis: first, areas with high streamflow sensitivity also have higher summer streamflows as compared to lowsensitivity areas. Second, the level of sensitivity and spatial extent of highly sensitive areas diminishes over time as the summer progresses. Results of this analysis point to a robust, practical, and scalable approach that can help assess risk at the landscape scale, complement the downscaling approach, be applied to any climate scenario of interest, and provide a framework to assist land and water managers in adapting to an uncertain and potentially challenging future.

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Toward a formal definition of water scarcity in natural‐human systems

Cited by 72 publications

References 71 publications

Development of an integrated methodology for the sustainable environmental and socio-economic management of river ecosystems

Development of an integrated methodology for the sustainable environmental and socio-economic management of river ecosystems

Using GIS and Remote Sensing in Assessment of Water Scarcity in Nakuru County, Kenya

A hydrogeologic framework for characterizing summer streamflow sensitivity to climate warming in the Pacific Northwest, USA

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