Toward a Health Silk Road

Cao, Jiahan

doi:10.1142/s2377740020500013

Cited by 28 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…A typical model of an effective struggle to defeat poverty (Goal 17 of SDGs) comes to us from China itself. WHO has designated Chinese policies as the classical case of an overachiever in this area, lifting from proximity to poverty line for almost 800 million of its citizens [60]. In the stage of targeted poverty alleviation during 2013-2020, ensuring poor people have access to basic medical care was one of the three indispensable guarantees [61].…”

Section: Influence Of the Belt And Road Initiativementioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainability Challenge of Eastern Europe—Historical Legacy, Belt and Road Initiative, Population Aging and Migration

et al. 2021

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The historical legacy of Eastern European and the Balkans’ health systems was mutually interdependent and shaped by local socioeconomic circumstances. Three distinctive systems of risk sharing and health financing developed since the late XIX century were the Bismarck, Beveridge, and Semashko systems. Modern day healthcare systems in these countries are challenged by population aging, accelerated innovation in medical technology, growing purchasing power and rising demand for healthcare services. Supply-side changes contribute to demand-side efficiency bottlenecks in financing, driving up the costs of the already expensive medical care. All of the nations have a large share of citizens experiencing difficulty with affordability and access to medical care, particularly in rural and remote areas. Network of health technology assessment agencies have mushroomed over the past three decades. Principles of health economics theory and cost-effective resource allocation are slowly gaining ground in governing authorities’ mindset and decision-making processes. For many years to come, pharmaceuticals and medical services will remain dependent on out-of-pocket spending. Currently, accelerating and spreading 4.0 Industrial Revolution, together with the Belt and Road Initiative, are likely to substantially impact the further economic development of this vast region. Post-pandemic “green” recovery strategies adopted by many of the Eastern European governments shall also make this transition toward sustainable development more difficult and challenging, given the large dependency of all these economies on traditional carbon fuels.

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Section: Influence Of the Belt And Road Initiativementioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainability Challenge of Eastern Europe—Historical Legacy, Belt and Road Initiative, Population Aging and Migration

et al. 2021

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“…As of the official website of the World Health Organization in 2017, the overall share of health expenditure in ASEAN countries exceeded 4% of GDP, with Cambodia's health expenditure ratio reaching 5.9%. In addition, the 2018 ASEAN Health Cooperation Forum was held to strengthen cooperation on health emergencies and food safety and nutritional health, which effectively contributed to the long-term population health of ASEAN countries ( 88 ). But the existence of inflection points reveals problems in the health care systems of ASEAN countries ( 22 , 23 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Economic Overheating Provide Positive Feedback on Population Health? Evidence From BRICS and ASEAN Countries

Huang

Tao

et al. 2021

Front. Public Health

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This paper explores the relationship of real GDP per capita with cancer incidence applying panel threshold regression model in BRICS and ASEAN countries. The empirical results highlight that the business cycle has an inverted-U correlation with population health indicators and a non-linear single threshold effect. In BRICS countries, the health-promoting effect of economic growth is significantly weaker when exceeding the threshold. Similarly, economic growth in ASEAN countries, even worsens population health, after the turning point. These asymmetric effects are strongly related to the response of regional economic globalization health policies. Changes in economic expansion and overheating may have serious adverse effects on health care systems in emerging economies. Governments should adopt more aggressive health care policies during economic overheating, to avoid wasting health care resources.

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“…WHO in the last century began to advocate for low-income organizations in health development assistance, funding mainly from the United States and private charities [169]. Since 2016, China has also been providing health development assistance to low-income countries along the B&R through the HSR project, including the establishment of a cooperation platform for the prevention and control of acute infectious diseases, the provision of training for human resources in healthcare, assistance in funding for the construction of healthcare systems, and the provision of scarce medical resources [170][171][172]. During the COVID-19 period, when low-income countries generally lacked vaccines, China donated more than 400 million vaccines by 2021 to help them against COVID-19, and China has become the leading supplier of vaccines to low-income countries [173,174].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal and spatial deduction pattern of health poverty eradication in countries along the Belt and Road :A systematic analysis of 141 countries from 2008-2019

Lai,

Li,

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background Among the numerous comprehensive development bottlenecks caused by multidimensional poverty, health poverty is the most fundamental and fatal one. Therefore, the eradication of health poverty is the basis for achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs) of eradicating poverty and the World Health Organization's proposal of universal health coverage. This study aims to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution patterns of health poverty and its influencing factors across countries in the Belt and Road(B&R), a region encompassing the poorest to the richest countries, and to provide a theoretical and practical basis for the subsequent development of differentiated health poverty eradication strategies. Methods Based on the theoretical framework of the three dimensions of health rights, health capabilities and health risks, this paper uses data from the World Bank's public databases and databases such as GBD2019 to select 10 corresponding indicators and uses the geometric mean method to calculate the health poverty index(HPI) of 141 countries along the B&R in the period of 2008–2019. We used 2.5% and 97.5% of each indicator as the maximum and minimum values for normalization to transform the values of on a scale of 0–1. For positive indicators(increase HPI), 0 is the best and 1 the worst, while the opposite is true for negative indicators(decrease HPI). This approach reduces sensitivity to extreme outliers in given location-years. Afterwards, this paper uses a Geographical and Temporal Weighted Regression (GTWR) model to analyze the impact of eight different factors on the HPI in each country to determine the differences in the influencing factors between countries with different HPI levels. Results From 2008 to 2019, the health poverty in B&R countries remains very high, with 29.1% of countries have an HPI greater than 0.6 in 2019. The HPI averages for high, upper-middle, lower-middle, and low-income countries in 2019 were 0.1747, 0.3676, 0.5298, and 0.6606, respectively. In terms of spatial distribution patterns, the HPI is lowest in Europe (0.0180–0.4027) and highest in Africa (0.3557–0.8820) in 2019, while intra-Asia heterogeneity is strongest (0.0778–0.7850). In terms of the trend in the temporal evolution of the HPI, most of the countries along the B&R have seen a decline in the HPI from 2008 to 2019, with only eight countries, including Greece, showing a slight increase in the HPI. But for 16 countries, including China and India, they have the largest decline in HPI (more than 0.1). The results of the GTWR model show that X2(Domestic general government health expenditure-% of GDP) is effective in mitigating the HPI in all countries and has the largest impact in low-income countries; for Asia and Africa, the coefficients of X6 (urban population-% of total population) show a shift from negative to positive from coastal areas or islands to the interior of the continent; X8 (GDP growth-annual %) is significantly correlated with the level of economic development of each country, with positive coefficients for economically developed Europe and the more rapidly developing East and Southeast Asian, and negative coefficients for the underdeveloped regions, especially in Central Africa and Central Asia. Overall, high HPI countries are more affected by different influencing factors and fluctuate more in time than low HPI countries. Conclusion Differences in HPI among the B&R countries are very large, reflecting the fact that health poverty has become a pressing global issue. The heterogeneity of health poverty between and within continents is caused by the unequal development of their social, cultural, political, and economic dimensions, and the accumulation of long-term inequalities has become an obstacle to the sustainable development of countries along the B&R. For low- and middle-income countries, the deprivation of the right to health through incapacitation remains the main cause of their high HPI. The B&R countries need to use the Health Silk Road as a link to establish vertical health assistance chains and horizontal regional mutual assistance and synergistic networks, to ultimately achieve the goal of eliminating health poverty.

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Toward a Health Silk Road

Cited by 28 publications

References 0 publications

Sustainability Challenge of Eastern Europe—Historical Legacy, Belt and Road Initiative, Population Aging and Migration

Sustainability Challenge of Eastern Europe—Historical Legacy, Belt and Road Initiative, Population Aging and Migration

Does Economic Overheating Provide Positive Feedback on Population Health? Evidence From BRICS and ASEAN Countries

Temporal and spatial deduction pattern of health poverty eradication in countries along the Belt and Road :A systematic analysis of 141 countries from 2008-2019

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