Toward a personalized closed-loop stimulation of the visual cortex: Advances and challenges

Abstract

Current cortical visual prosthesis approaches are primarily unidirectional and do not consider the feed-back circuits that exist in just about every part of the nervous system. Herein, we provide a brief overview of some recent developments for better controlling brain stimulation and present preliminary human data indicating that closed-loop strategies could considerably enhance the effectiveness, safety, and long-term stability of visual cortex stimulation. We propose that the development of improved closed-loop strategies may help to enhance our capacity to communicate with the brain.

Brain State-Dependent Non-Invasive Neurostimulation with EEG Feedback: Achievements and Prospects

“…The real-time electroencephalogram (EEG) data is an optimal source of the feedback signals [41][42][43][44] due reviews to EEG advantages, such as non-invasiveness, high temporal resolution, ease of use, and real-time data extraction [45][46][47]. The EEG-controlled stimulation protocols enable NIBS techniques to achieve a highly personalized effect and offer physiologically informed adaptive neuromodulation [48][49][50][51][52].…”