Toward a Role Ethical Theory of Right Action

Evans, Jeremy; Smith, Michael

doi:10.1007/s10677-018-9903-9

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Major contemporary ethical theories-particularly consequentialism and deontology-are largely impartial and universal in ways that do not make roles or relationships central. Our findings suggest that relational ethical theories, like care ethics or role ethics, are important ways of understanding at least how we in fact reason when considering people as members of groups (Gilligan, 1982;Held, 2006;Evans & Smith, 2018). This is not to say that these theories tell us how we ought to reason about normativity or morality, but our findings suggest that relational theories play an important part in judgments of praise and blame.…”

Section: Normativitymentioning

confidence: 69%

Same people, different group: Social structures are a central component of group concepts

Noyes¹,

Keil²,

Dunham³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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We explore the possibility that group concepts have two components: A collection of particular people and the roles and relations they occupy, which we call a ‘social structure.’ In particular, we pursue the possibility that social structure is central to group concepts. We presented participants with cases where two groups came to overlap completely in membership: When their social structures remained distinct, participants judged there were two groups (Studies 1-3); when their social structures merged along with their members, participants judged there was now only one group (Study 3). We show that participants represent groups as concrete entities: Particular people constitute a group by concretely realizing the abstract social structure (Study 4). We also show that social structures guide normative judgments including reward and punishment (Study 5) and betrayal (Study 6). Together, these results demonstrate that social structure is a central component of ordinary group concepts, suggesting that the best theories of groups ought to include social structures.

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Section: Normativitymentioning

confidence: 69%

Same people, different group: Social structures are a central component of group concepts

Noyes¹,

Keil²,

Dunham³

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Roles can be understood as parts or identities to be played socially (Goffman, 1978), characteristic behaviors in social situations (Biddle, 1979(Biddle, , 1986Burt, 1982), or scripts for social action (Bates & Harvey, 1975;Zurcher, 1983). Crucially, roles often come with responsibilities, duties, or expectations to act in certain ways (Biddle, 1986;Evans & Smith, 2018;Fiske, 1992;Fiske & Rai, 2014;Hardimon, 1994;MacIntyre, 2007;Rai & Fiske, 2011). That is, roles can tell us not just how we expect people will behave but also how people should and should not behave.…”

Section: Roles Responsibilities and Justifiabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Unjustifiably Irresponsible: The Effects of Social Roles on Attributions of Intent

Rowe

Vonasch

Turp

2020

Social Psychological and Personality Science

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How do people’s social roles change others’ perceptions of their intentions to cause harm? Three preregistered vignette-based experiments ( N = 788) manipulated the social role of someone causing harm and measured how intentional people thought the harm was. Results indicate that people judge harmful consequences as intentional when they think the actor unjustifiably caused harm. Social roles were shown to alter intention judgments by making people responsible for preventing harm (thereby rendering the harm as an intentional neglect of one’s responsibilities) or for causing the harm (thereby excusing it as an unintentional byproduct of the role). Additionally, Experiment 3 conceptually replicated and moderated the side-effect effect —revealing that people think harmful side effects are intentional when the harm is unjustified but not when a role’s responsibility justifies it. We discuss the importance of social information—including roles—in how people judge others’ intentions.

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Confucian Thought and Contemporary Western Philosophy

Lambert

2020

Dao Companions to Chinese Philosophy

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Toward a Role Ethical Theory of Right Action

Cited by 5 publications

References 10 publications

Same people, different group: Social structures are a central component of group concepts

Same people, different group: Social structures are a central component of group concepts

Unjustifiably Irresponsible: The Effects of Social Roles on Attributions of Intent

Confucian Thought and Contemporary Western Philosophy

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