Toward a theory and measure of the nature of nonprejudice.

Phillips, Stephen T.; Ziller, Robert C.

doi:10.1037/0022-3514.72.2.420

Cited by 93 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…The 20-item UOS (24) and the 43-item MCI (25) both capture aspects of MCC. The UOS was developed to measure nonprejudice and has moderate positive correlations with measures of empathy and adequate test-retest and internal consistency reliability coefficients (24). The MCI is used in a wide body of MCC research and consistently demonstrates adequate psychometric properties (25,26).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinician Factors Related to Outcome Differences Between Black and White Patients at CMHCs

Larrison¹

2011

Psychiatric Services

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Objectives Data are limited on how clinicians contribute to outcome differences between black patients and white patients. Because the clinician-patient relationship is the foundation of mental health services, understanding clinicians’ role in outcome differences may help identify evidence-based interventions that decrease disparities and capitalize on positive differences. Symptoms and functioning in a sample of black and white adults receiving outpatient services were examined to determine the effects of their primary clinician on those patterns. Methods The study included 551 patients (25% black) with serious mental illness and 62 mental health professionals (21% black) identified as the patients’ primary clinician. Treatment outcomes were measured at baseline and two follow-ups (two and four months) with the Behavior and Symptom Identification Scale, a measure of symptoms and functioning. Data were analyzed with hierarchical linear modeling. Clinicians’ levels of multi-cultural competence, burnout, and education were analyzed. Results Clinicians moderated the relationship between patient race and outcome differences. There was significant variability among clinicians: approximately 20% had black patients whose outcomes were worse than those of their white patients, and 40% had black patients with better outcomes than their white patients. The only clinician factor predicting these differences was clinician's general experiences and relationships with people from racial-ethnic and cultural groups other than their own. Conclusions The occurrence of outcome differences varied across clinicians, with some clinicians magnifying outcome differences between black and white patients and others minimizing them. Factors other than clinicians’ race, multicultural competence, education, and burnout may contribute to outcome differences between black and white patients.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinician Factors Related to Outcome Differences Between Black and White Patients at CMHCs

Larrison¹

2011

Psychiatric Services

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“…Respondents with higher scores on the UOS are more accepting and less discriminating between minority and nonminority control targets, are concerned about the value of human equality, and are more willing to interact with a wide range of others (Phillips & Ziller, 1997). The scale has a moderate reliability of .75 and alpha coefficient of .76 (Nicol & Boies, 2006).…”

Section: Universal Orientation Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Universal Orientation Scale (UOS) was developed by Phillips and Ziller in 1997. This measurement consists of 20 positively and negatively keyed items involving a 5-point Likert rating scale.…”

Section: Universal Orientation Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to this theory, a person, depending on their orientation, attends to an array of potentially colliding stimuli and focuses on information that reinforces her original view of self or other. Hence, as cited in Phillips & Ziller (1997) "orientation is one of the earliest processes in the perceptual-cognitive sequence and is an interactive feature of a perceiver's personality that allows the actor to actively construe a supporting social niche for the self " (pp. 421-422).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Allport, in his theory of universal orientation, argued people have a "slant, a directional set, a posture, to the mind" that begins the process of selective perception (Allport, 1954; as cited in Phillips & Ziller, 1997). Universal orientation describes the process by which one integrates perceptual data into a sense of oneself and others (Phillips & Ziller, 1997). According to this theory, a person, depending on their orientation, attends to an array of potentially colliding stimuli and focuses on information that reinforces her original view of self or other.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Attitudes Toward Muslim Americans Post-9/11

Khan¹,

Ecklund²

2013

Journal of Muslim Mental Health

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Attitudes toward Muslim Americans have been largely understudied in the psychological field. It is important to identify negative attitudes that may be present in particular situations for Muslim Americans in order to better understand and adapt to situations in which negative attitudes are expressed. For this study, 208 subjects (170 females and 38 males) from a California State University campus were recruited; the study explored situational attitudes toward Muslim Americans within the context of social desireability and universal orientation. Contrary to expectations, negative attitudes appeared to be specific rather than global. Implications of the study findings for Muslim American mental health and prevention/ intervention programs are discussed.

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The role of comparative victim beliefs in predicting support for hostile versus prosocial intergroup outcomes

Vollhardt

Cohrs

Szabó

et al. 2021

Euro J Social Psych

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Collective memories of historical ingroup victimization can be linked to prosocial or hostile intergroup outcomes. We hypothesize that such discrepant responses are predicted by different construals of the ingroup's victimization in relation to other groups (i.e., comparative victim beliefs). Using improved measures of inclusive and exclusive victim beliefs, with a global or regional reference group, multigroup structural equation modeling showed across four different groups (Armenian Americans [N = 265], Jewish Americans [N = 297], Hungarians [N = 301], Poles [N = 468]) that inclusive victim beliefs predict prosocial, conciliatory attitudes, while exclusive victim beliefs predict hostile attitudes towards historical perpetrator groups and (in the Polish and Hungarian samples) religious and ethnic outgroups targeted in the present. Moreover, comparative victim beliefs mediated effects of more general psychological orientations (ingroup superiority, universal orientation, perspective-taking) on intergroup outcomes. These findings suggest the importance of considering distinct collective victim beliefs, and different contexts in research on collective victimhood.

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Toward a theory and measure of the nature of nonprejudice.

Cited by 93 publications

References 72 publications

Clinician Factors Related to Outcome Differences Between Black and White Patients at CMHCs

Clinician Factors Related to Outcome Differences Between Black and White Patients at CMHCs

Attitudes Toward Muslim Americans Post-9/11

The role of comparative victim beliefs in predicting support for hostile versus prosocial intergroup outcomes

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