“…Smartphone addiction is a type of behavioral addiction that manifests the core components of addiction. Scholars have studied predictors of smartphone addiction, including time of daily use, time of use after waking up (Haug et al, 2015), preference for social interaction, emotional lift, ease of use and flow (Lee and Shin, 2016), understanding, orientation and communication dependence (Li and Lin, 2018), loneliness (Mahapatra, 2019), self-regulation (Mahapatra, 2019;Abhari et al, 2021) and need to connect socially (Roberts et al, 2014). Research has also studied the relationship between smartphone use and addiction (Haug et al, 2015;Choliz, 2010;Nehra et al, 2012;K Abhari and Vaghefi, 2022;Vaghefi et al, 2017;Loid et al, 2020).…”