Toward a theory of self-disposal of high-level waste

Kashcheev, V. A.; Nikiforov, A. S.; Poluéktov, P. P.; Polyakov, A. S.

doi:10.1007/bf00761628

At Energy

1992

DOI: 10.1007/bf00761628

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Toward a theory of self-disposal of high-level waste

V. A. Kashcheev¹,

A. S. Nikiforov²,

P. P. Poluéktov³

et al.

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2005

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Cited by 1 publication

(6 citation statements)

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“…The condition for self-sinking of the capsule as a result of melting through the surrounding rock is where χ is the thermal conductivity, W/(m·K); T m is the melting temperature; and T r is the temperature of the rock, K. Capsules with a specific power of heat release less than the threshold q th do not melt the surrounding rock and, consequently, remain stationary. According to [11], motion of the capsule in fissured rock is possible if the surface temperature of the capsule is higher than the melting temperature by some threshold value. This effect can be taken into account by an appropriate correction to the melting temperature T m .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, the time of motion of the capsule is (for t > τ the capsule can no longer melt the rock in its path and remains stationary in the rock). The velocity at which the capsule sinks can be estimated analytically for a capsule with isothermal sources for small Stefan numbers, i.e., in a typical case of not very rapid sinking [10,11]:…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This method has been studied primarily in connection with self-burial of radioactive wastes. These projects are being developed in USA and in our country [8][9][10][11][12][13]. Although self-burial has not been used for radioactive wastes, in many publications the method is analyzed in detail and model experiments are described [9,14].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The gradual sinking of a capsule to increasingly deeper layers by melting rock can be calculated by numerical methods [17], and an approximate calculation is possible with acceptable accuracy analytically also [10,11]. First, the time of motion of a capsule in rock can be determined quite accurately.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The self-sinking of a hot capsule is initially studied assuming that the surface temperature of the capsule is uniform [9][10][11]. Actually, this corresponds to the case of a metallic capsule in which temperature uniformity is ensured by the high thermal conductivity of the material.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Probing of the Interior Layers of the Earth with Self-Sinking Capsules

et al. 2005

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It is shown that self-sinking of a spherical probe in the form of a capsule filled with radionuclides, whose decay heats and melts the rock in its path, deep into the Earth is possible. Information on the formation, structure, and shifts deep in the Earth can be obtained by recording and analyzing acoustic signals from the recrystallization of the rock by the probe. It is shown that such capsules can be placed at a prescribed depth. Self-sinking probes can be used to study the formation of deep layers in the Earth, prospect for minerals, and study underground motions in seismically active regions.The great interest in the interior structure of the Earth is not diminishing but many details of the Earth's structure are still undetermined [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Thus, the sources which maintain the Earth's heat balance, the role of 40 K in this balance [2], and the nature of the high fluidity of the magma at a definite depth [4, 5] remain unclear. Only near-surface layers of the Earth are accessible for direct observation, as a result of which many details of the Earth's structure remain unknown.Modern technology permits drilling superdeep wells on continents (up to 10-15 km deep). The deepest exploratory well Bertha Rogers (USA) is 9583 m deep, and the scientific well KTW-Oberpfaltz (Bavaria) has reached a depth of 9101 m. According to the international program of deep-water drilling, the deepest well has been drilled in the Pacific Ocean south of Costa Rica (2105 m below the ocean bottom). Drilling of the Kola superdeep scientific well began in 1970. Its projected depth is 15 km. Although drilling stopped at a depth of 12261 m in 1991, it still remains the deepest well in the world [6,7]. Drilling superdeep wells takes years and is very expensive.Reaching a large depth poses insurmountable barriers for drilling mainly because of increasing pressure and temperature. At great depths, the difference between the hydrostatic pressure of a column of the drilling solution and the lithostatic pressure due to the mass of the rocks becomes substantial, which causes the walls of the well to collapse. The high temperature in the deep interior of the Earth remains one of the chief factors limiting the drilling depth. The thermal stability of the drilling equipment does not exceed 573 K, so that modern technical means do not make it possible to drill wells for a long time to a depth where the temperature is above this value. At the same time, as the depth increases, the rock temperature increases, for example, at the bottom of the Salton Sea well (USA) 3220 m the temperature reached 628 K, so that drilling becomes impossible at very large depths. There are also serious technical difficulties with spontaneous curving of deep wells during drilling. For example, the Kola well at a depth of about 12 km deviated from the vertical by 840 m, and the KTB-Oberpfaltz well at a depth of 9101 m deviated by 300 m [6,7].Various possibilities for reaching a great depth in the Earth are being examined theoretically. An example is explosive pene...

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Probing of the Interior Layers of the Earth with Self-Sinking Capsules

et al. 2005

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Toward a theory of self-disposal of high-level waste

Cited by 1 publication

References 2 publications

Probing of the Interior Layers of the Earth with Self-Sinking Capsules

Probing of the Interior Layers of the Earth with Self-Sinking Capsules

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