Toward a theory of transformative entrepreneuring: Poverty reduction and conflict resolution in Rwanda's entrepreneurial coffee sector

Tobias, Jutta; Mair, Johanna; Barbosa‐Leiker, Celestina

doi:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2013.03.003

Cited by 211 publications

(196 citation statements)

References 86 publications

(99 reference statements)

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“…Little is known about how the poor perceive microfinance. Furthermore, the existing literature lacks insights on how the "transformative" process of entrepreneurship touches the lives of those suffering from deep-rooted poverty (Tobias et al, 2013). In response, this study fills in the gap in the literature by examining how most disadvantaged borrowers or potential borrowers themselves perceive and experience microfinance in a context characterised by extreme poverty; one where family responsibility and entrepreneurial activities are closely intertwined.…”

Section: Microfinancementioning

confidence: 99%

Experiencing microfinance

Ukanwa

Xiong

Anderson

2017

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to address the problem of why the poorest, most disadvantaged groups such as rural African women, benefit less from microfinance. The authors focus on the perception and experiences of ordinary rural entrepreneurial women on microfinance in a context of extreme poverty and where family responsibility and economic activities are closely intertwined. Design/methodology/approach The authors purposefully sampled 15 poor females with small businesses in two Nigerian villages. The key characteristic guiding the sampling was that the respondents had to be poor. The authors held two focus groups and ten interviews to capture their experience and understanding of microfinance. The authors used thematic analysis to establish patterns in the data. Findings For poor entrepreneurial women, a livelihood for survival, putting food on the table and paying school fees are priorities, not business growth. They see microcredit as debt and a great risk that could lead to irreversible losses. Family responsibilities for basic consumption needs of the household can affect their ability to repay loans; perceived dangers of microcredit may outweigh potential benefits. Research limitations/implications The theories, especially functionalist economic theory, do not take account of microfinance users’ experiences. Practical implications Microfinance should be aware that the poorest perceive microcredit differently and should eliminate the intimidating barriers raised to them. Instead of providing a means for the poor to alleviate poverty or coping strategies for them to manage cash flows and risks, microfinance causes fear and anxiety by demanding high rate of return in a very short period of time. Social implications The very poorest, who should be the beneficiaries of microfinance, are less likely to be able to benefit. The condition of poverty creates different realities for those at the base of the pyramid. Originality/value This research questions the neoliberal rationality assumptions that microfinance rest on; the paper fills a gap in the literature, i.e. how the potential borrowers themselves living in deep-rooted poverty perceive and experience microfinance.

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Section: Microfinancementioning

confidence: 99%

Experiencing microfinance

Ukanwa

Xiong

Anderson

2017

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“…This paper seeks to contribute to this growing body of knowledge by investigating a case of entrepreneurship education in a deprived, conflict-ridden environment of Northeast Nigeria, an area which has been ravaged for years by the Boko Haram terrorist group. Specifically, this paper illuminates the fledging theory of transformative entrepreneuring in conflict environments (Tobias et al, 2013), by focusing on how entrepreneurship education is engendering new venture creation and poverty reduction, and how it is helping young people to survive, cope, and thrive in the midst of insurgency violence.…”

Section: Insert Figure 1 Herementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In their 2013 paper, Tobias et al, (2013) focuses on how transformative entrepreneuring plays out in conflict situations. They identified two key mechanisms for transformative entrepreneuring: poverty reduction and conflict resolution.…”

Section: Mechanisms For Transformative Entrepreneuringmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, entrepreneurship skills generally lead to increased business transactions and social interactions among different groups, including former or current parties to conflict. This process of increased interactions between antagonistic groups is central to the theory of transformative entrepreneuring, proposed by Tobias, Mair, & Barbosa-Leiker (2013). Outgroup prejudice, which is a key antecedent of mass murders perpetrated in conflict zones, can be significantly lowered through business contacts with the "outgroup".…”

Section: Entrepreneurship Education Entrepreneurship Skills and Confmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Venturing under fire

Kolade

2018

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how a new entrepreneurship education (EE) intervention offered at conflict-ridden Maiduguri, Nigeria, is having transformative impacts through new venture creation and poverty reduction. Design/methodology/approach The paper adopts a single case study approach, drawing from in-depth interviews of participants, experts, and facilitators of the entrepreneurship training, in addition to relevant memos and documents. Findings The findings indicate that the EE programme is, by generating awareness and facilitating skill development, contributing to new venture creation, poverty reduction, and positive change in mindset. However, the impact is limited by inadequate support through venture capital and limited facilities for business incubation. Research limitations/implications This study is limited in its focus on EE provided for university undergraduates and graduates. Further research should explore interventions aimed at less-educated youth in the region, and in other conflict contexts. Social implications The study suggests that EE facilitates youth empowerment through venture creation, in the process transforming them from aggrieved outsiders to active stakeholders in societal peace and national prosperity. Originality/value The nascent theory of transformative entrepreneuring identifies poverty reduction and conflict resolution as the main mechanisms. This paper focuses on how EE triggers new venture creation, which in turn contributes to poverty reduction and overall change in mindset of otherwise unemployed and aggrieved youths.

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“…The policy that establishing an entrepreneurial poverty alleviation mechanism through stimulating the creativity and initiative of residents in impoverished areas has far-reaching practical significance for solving social problems and benefiting economic development in impoverished areas. [6] the output value of resources, create new consumption needs or distinctive products, and ultimately create more profits. Second, entrepreneurial poverty alleviation policy makes up the negative effects on entrepreneurs from the risk-taking dimension in entrepreneurial orientation policy can change entrepreneurs' attitude and awareness toward their business, and also helps to reduce entrepreneurs' fear of failure and risk taking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on Evaluation System and Path Optimization of Entrepreneurial Poverty Alleviation Policy

Xia¹

2017

Advances in Computer Science Research

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Abstract. Entrepreneurial activity is an important source of economic growth. Currently, alleviating poverty through starting a business is a widely applied mode and has far-reaching practical significance for solving social problems and benefiting economic development in impoverished areas. In both domestic and foreign documents, there has already been in-depth studies on entrepreneurial poverty alleviation policy from the aspects of empirical mode, implementation plan and policy mechanism. However, the evaluation system and path optimization of this policy still lack systematic theoretical framework and analytical research. Therefore, the evaluation index system of this policy and its effects can be refined from the perspective of entrepreneurial orientation, entrepreneurial awareness and entrepreneurial economy. Based on this logical framework and SPSS data analysis tools, this paper evaluates and analyzes the effect of entrepreneurial poverty alleviation policy in Qichun County, Hubei Province, summarizes the practical difficulties in its implementing process as well as exploring the path optimization of this policy

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Toward a theory of transformative entrepreneuring: Poverty reduction and conflict resolution in Rwanda's entrepreneurial coffee sector

Cited by 211 publications

References 86 publications

Experiencing microfinance

Experiencing microfinance

Venturing under fire

Study on Evaluation System and Path Optimization of Entrepreneurial Poverty Alleviation Policy

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