Toward an integrative psychology of masculinities.

This study extended research on men's rape myth acceptance (RMA) by examining the relative contributions of conformity to masculine norms and the Dark Tetrad of personality to RMA in 301 predominantly White and heterosexual men in the United States. Results of hierarchical regressions revealed that conformity to masculine norms and the Dark Tetrad each accounted for incremental variance (i.e., beyond the other variable set) in men's RMA, with conformity to power over women and heterosexual selfpresentation norms and psychopathy emerging as unique and positive predictors. Results of post hoc mediation analyses indicated that psychopathy's relation to RMA was partially to fully mediated through conformity to the power over women norm. Results of correlations supported hypothesized associations of conformity to power over women and violence norms with psychopathy and sadism, conformity to the risktaking norm with psychopathy, and conformity to the playboy norm with three of the four Dark Tetrad traits. Public Significance StatementMen's rape myth acceptance has been linked to attitudinal and behavioral indicators of sexual aggression; therefore, it is important to identify factors that may underlie men's endorsement of rape myths. The present study demonstrated that men who conformed more to masculine normsespecially desiring power over women and disdaining gay men-and possessed higher levels of psychopathy were more likely to endorse rape myths.

Section: Incremental Contributions Of Conformity To Masculine Norms A...supporting

confidence: 90%

Conformity to masculine norms, the Dark Tetrad, and men’s rape myth acceptance.

Tokar¹

2023

“…Masculinities are defined as “the constellation of cultural and individual meanings attached to men and boys that are attributed to the self as well as to people, concepts, and objects, embedded in situational cues, performed as social practices, and distributed through ecological influences” (Wong & Wang, 2022, p. 2). For several decades, psychologists have paid great attention to traditional masculinity—the constellation of cultural and individual meanings attached to men and boys, which dominated Western society prior to the feminist deconstruction of gender roles and rules (Thompson et al, 1992).…”

Section: Traditional Masculinitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Traditional masculinity and male violence against women: A meta-analytic examination.

Krivoshchekov¹,

Gulevich²,

Blagov³

2023

Traditional masculinity (TM) is conceptualized as a risk factor for the well-being of men and those around them. Further, TM is often considered a key factor in male violence against women, and the positive association between these two factors has been supported by numerous studies. To quantify this relationship, a meta-analysis was conducted on 57 independent samples (mainly from the United States) from 10,772 respondents, reported in 51 articles between 1992 and 2021. We observed that TM positively correlated with male attitudes toward violence and violent behavior against women. The relationship between TM and attitudes toward violence was moderated by a type of TM (traditional masculinity ideology, conformity to masculine norms, experience of gender role conflict), a type of violence (sexual harassment, rape, physical, and psychological violence), but not by type of relationship between the aggressor and the target (intimate and nonintimate partner violence). The strongest correlations were between traditional masculinity ideology and attitudes toward violence and between traditional masculinity and sexual harassment. At the same time, none of the mentioned factors moderated the relationship between TM and violent behavior. The relationship between traditional masculinity and male violence against women was also moderated by the domain of traditional masculinity. The strongest association was between Status/Power over Women and violence against women. Furthermore, the results should be interpreted in light of substantial heterogeneity in the size of the correlations and the presence of publication bias. Public Significance StatementThis study integrates findings from 10,772 respondents across 57 samples regarding the relationship between traditional masculinity and male violence against women. In general, endorsement of traditional masculinity ideology, conformity to masculine norms, and experience of gender role conflict were positively associated with both violent attitudes and behavior. However, we detected a presence of publication bias and considerable heterogeneity; therefore, the precise estimates may be not reliable.

“…Social norms, generally, and masculine norms, more specifically, have been shown to influence men’s behavior in areas such as help-seeking and health behaviors (Wong et al, 2013). In a further elaboration of these relationships, Wong and Wang (2022) described the terms “masculinity” or “masculinities” as a multidimensional concept that is widely held by individuals to refer to a wide range of characteristics and behaviors that are attributed to men and boys; this concept may be applied to themselves or to others. Wong and Wang (2022) recently outlined five domains of masculinities, one of which they termed “other-ascribed” to refer to the circumstance in which other people attribute specific characteristics to men and boys.…”

Section: Prevalence and Outcomes Of Ipv Against Menmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a further elaboration of these relationships, Wong and Wang (2022) described the terms “masculinity” or “masculinities” as a multidimensional concept that is widely held by individuals to refer to a wide range of characteristics and behaviors that are attributed to men and boys; this concept may be applied to themselves or to others. Wong and Wang (2022) recently outlined five domains of masculinities, one of which they termed “other-ascribed” to refer to the circumstance in which other people attribute specific characteristics to men and boys. Elsewhere, Wong et al (2020) emphasized that masculine norms are context-specific and culturally bound.…”

Section: Prevalence and Outcomes Of Ipv Against Menmentioning

confidence: 99%

Third-party perceptions of intimate partner violence victimization in men.

Thomas¹,

Hart²

2022

Evidence is accumulating that men frequently experience and are harmed by intimate partner violence (IPV), although this form of IPV has only recently been studied. Recent studies suggest that social stereotypes may negatively influence men’s help-seeking and outcomes following IPV. We assessed the third-party perception of a man versus a women who experienced physical and psychological IPV. Using video vignettes of psychological/physical IPV that varied only in the gender of the perpetrator and victim, 168 participants recruited from an online survey platform and a Midwestern private university were randomly assigned to view an interaction depicting either a man or woman IPV victim. Participants rated their emotional response immediately after watching the vignette, followed by perceptions of the IPV victim and perpetrator. Participants reported less negative affect after viewing IPV perpetrated against a man versus against a woman, and male IPV victims were rated as deserving of less sympathy, less in need of medical, psychological, and legal help, and less successful, powerful, and socially desirable than female IPV victims. Post hoc analyses regarding perpetrator criminality and identification of the IPV victim using the “victim” label also differed by IPV victim gender. Our findings suggest that preconceived notions based on gender roles impede the identification of men as victims and likely influence their treatment by friends, medical and mental health care providers, and legal authorities. Further research is needed to inform the unique interpersonal and intrapersonal stereotyping that may explain men’s help-seeking and outcomes in IPV victimization.