Toward an Integrative Theory of Self-Identity and Identity Stressors and Traumas and Their Mental Health Dynamics

Kira, Ibrahim A.

doi:10.4236/psych.2019.104027

Cited by 39 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…Spirituality and religion are associated with decreased risk for suicide ideation and attempts (Bonelli & Koenig, 2013;Dervic et al, 2004;Rasic, Robinson, Bolton, Bienvenu, & Sareen, 2011;Wu, Wang, & Jia, 2015), although some studies have failed to find a relationship (Colucci & Martin, 2008). Further, the role of identity (e.g., ethnic identity) in suicide is relatively unexplored (see also Kira, 2019); however, there is evidence of its importance in suicide (e.g., Walker, Wingate, Obasi, & Joiner, 2008). Efforts by Aboriginal groups to preserve and promote their culture and identity were found to be associated with dramatic reductions in rates of youth suicide (Chandler, Lalonde, Sokol, Hallett, & Marcia, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cumulative Stressors and Traumas and Suicide: A Non-Linear Cusp Dynamic Systems Model

Kira¹,

Barger²,

Shuwiekh³

et al. 2019

PSYCH

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The unpredictability of suicide is one of the mental health challenges. Based on the threshold model cumulative stressors and traumas interact with a person's characteristics to produce non-linearly suicidality. The current study tests this non-linear relationship using Catastrophe cusp theory. We used cumulative stressors and traumas (CST) as bifurcation control factor and age as asymmetry control factor and suicide as outcome Cusp factor. We utilized three combined previously collected data sets (N = 967) from Western (the UK, N = 177) and non-Western countries (Egypt: N = 490, and Kuwait: N = 300). The combined dataset included 22% adolescents, 40.2% males. Age ranged from 14-75. The measures included cumulative stressors and traumas, interfaith spirituality, religiosity, and identity salience and suicidality. Further, we used measures of interfaith spirituality, religiosity, and identity salience to explore some of the protective factors. We used correlation, curve estimation regression and Cusp catastrophe statistical method to test the hypothesis of the non-linear threshold cusp (sudden shift) model. The explained variance by Cusp catastrophe model non-linear model was highly superior (R 2 = 0.762) to the linear model (R 2 = 0.045) in predicting suicidality. Further, results found that interfaith spirituality, religiosity, and identity salience were powerful protective factors from the sudden emergence of suicidality. We discussed the implications of the results to the conceptualization, prevention, and interventions with suicidal behavior.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cumulative Stressors and Traumas and Suicide: A Non-Linear Cusp Dynamic Systems Model

Kira¹,

Barger²,

Shuwiekh³

et al. 2019

PSYCH

Self Cite

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“…structed based on the development-based trauma framework (DBTF) (e.g.,Kira, 2001;Kira, 2019;Kira et al, 2019b;Kira, et al, 2013a;Kira, Fawzi, & Fawzi, 2013c;Kira et al, 2008a;Kira et al, 2018b). DBTF identifies and measures different dimensions of individual development that may be affected by stressors and traumatic stressors (i.e., attachment, personal, collective and role identities, and interdependence, as well as serious non-acute and chronic stressors).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Threshold Non-linear Model for the Effects of Cumulative Stressors and Traumas: A Chained Cusp Catastrophe Analysis

Kira¹,

Barger²,

Shuwiekh³

et al. 2020

PSYCH

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Studying the macro-dynamics of traumatization should significantly advance psychological science. The current article tested the validity of the non-linear threshold model of the effects of cumulative stressors and traumas (CST). We used a combined data set of adults and adolescents from Egypt, Kuwait, and the UK (N = 968) that measured CST, internalizing, externalizing and thought disorders. We used the cusp catastrophe analysis that can identify the non-linear threshold dynamics. The non-linear cusp (threshold) model accounted for a much higher variance than the linear model, indicating the presence of threshold effects of CST on internalizing, externalizing and thought disorders. Interventions should target the multiply traumatized who are at risk for the cusp effects and not only those who are victims of the cusp. The study provided evidence for the utility of a paradigm shift to study the macro-dynamics of stressors and traumas, and not only their micro-dynamics.

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“…Cumulative Stress and Trauma Scale (CST-S) short version includes 32 items (Kira et al, 2008). CST-S is based on the development-based trauma framework (DBTF) (e.g., Kira, 2001;Kira, 2019;Kira et al, 2008;. The CST-S measures cumulative stressors and traumas regarding the occurrence (happened or not), frequency of happening (if happened, how many times), type, and negative and positive appraisals.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The macro-dynamics of the cumulative impact of accumulation, proliferation and the interaction between preidentity, identity, and post-identity stressors and traumas determine their mental health effect, rather than only a triggering present or past trauma (Kira, 2019;Kira, Fawzi, et al, 2019;. There are different pathways that the stressors, traumatic, and non-traumatic, that may follow.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The direct and indirect impact of trauma types and cumulative stressors and traumas on executive functions

Kira

Shuweikh

Al-Huwailiah

et al. 2020

Applied Neuropsychology: Adult

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The goal was to measure the effects of trauma types, cumulative trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), existential annihilation anxiety (EAA), and posttraumatic growth (PTG) on executive functions. The study sample consists of 1155 from Egypt and Kuwait. Measures included adults working memory deficits (WMD) and inhibition deficits (ID), and cumulative stressors and traumas (CST) and trauma types, PTSD, EAA, and PTG. We used Stepwise regression and PROCESS macro to analyze the data. Results indicated that survival and cumulative traumas have direct effects on a lower WMD and ID, attachment traumas and gender discrimination by parents have direct impacts on higher WMD and ID, while personal identity, status identity, secondary trauma, gender discrimination by society, community violence do not have any direct effects on WMD or ID. All traumas have indirect effects on higher WMD or/and ID via PTSD. Gender discrimination by society, community violence, and CST has an additional indirect higher impact on WMD and ID via EAA. There were indirect trajectories from survival trauma, personal identity, status identity trauma, secondary trauma, gender discrimination by society, and CST on lower WMD or/and ID via PTG. Attachment trauma, gender discrimination by parents, perpetration traumas, and community violence were not associated with PTG and its trajectories of lower WMD or/and ID. We discussed the research and clinical implication for these results.

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Toward an Integrative Theory of Self-Identity and Identity Stressors and Traumas and Their Mental Health Dynamics

Cited by 39 publications

References 104 publications

Cumulative Stressors and Traumas and Suicide: A Non-Linear Cusp Dynamic Systems Model

Cumulative Stressors and Traumas and Suicide: A Non-Linear Cusp Dynamic Systems Model

The Threshold Non-linear Model for the Effects of Cumulative Stressors and Traumas: A Chained Cusp Catastrophe Analysis

The direct and indirect impact of trauma types and cumulative stressors and traumas on executive functions

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