Toward an MRI-Based Mesoscale Connectome of the Squid Brain

Chung, Wen-Sung; Kurniawan, Nyoman D.; Marshall, N. Justin

doi:10.1016/j.isci.2019.100816

Cited by 32 publications

(115 citation statements)

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“…These investigations used conventional histological methods, such as Golgi and Cajal staining to analyse brain morphology. Recent studies are implementing modern methods to analyse cephalopods brain anatomy and function; for instance, Computational Tomography (CT) [Grimaldi et al, 2007, Kerbl et al, 2013, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) [Chung and Marshall, 2014,Jiang et al, 2014, Chung et al, 2020 and Calcium Imaging [Koizumi et al, 2018].…”

Section: Cephalopods and Brains -Structure And Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, most of these investigations are anatomical descriptions of specific organs or physiological changes under different conditions. In mollusc cephalopods, MRI has contributed in the morphological analysis of hatchlings [Shea et al, 2018], a structural description of the suckers [Tramacere et al, 2013], anatomical and functional adaptation of the visual systems [Chung and Marshall, 2014, Jiang et al, 2014 and the first description of MRI-based neural connectivity in Sepioteuthis sepioidea brain [Chung et al, 2020].…”

Section: Posterior Pedal Lateral Pedalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, more accurate tractography reconstructions of ex vivo human brains are revealing structural connections previously unknown and more alternatives to study the human brain [Aggarwal et al, 2013,Kwan et al, 2017, Fritz et al, 2019, Vasung et al, 2019. Recent studies are using ex-vivo MRI/DWI approaches in other animal models, such as macaques [Feng et al, 2017], birds [Hamaide et al, 2017], and cephalopods [Chung et al, 2020] [Cajal, 1917, Boycott, 1961, Young, 1971, Young, 1974, Young, 1976, Young, 1977, Young, 1979, Young, 1985. The brain of coleoid cephalopods (octopus, cuttlefish and squid) is located around the oesophagus and is organised into several lobes [Nixon and Young, 2003].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent investigations have been analysing the relationship between the flexible repertoire of behavioural capabilities of cephalopods and their brain. These studies include cognition [Darmaillacq et al, 2014, Schnell andClayton, 2019], memory [Shomrat et al, 2008], ontogenetic development [Shigeno et al, 2001a,Yamamoto et al, 2003], neural control of body patterns [Gonzalez-Bellido et al, 2014, Imperadore et al, 2013, Gonzalez-Bellido et al, 2018, visual adaptations [Chung and Marshall, 2014, Chung, 2014, Chung and Marshall, 2016, genomic sequences [Albertin et al, 2015, Liscovitch-Brauer et al, 2017, and neural organisation , Chung et al, 2020. Classic works on the anatomical structure of the brain of cephalopods used Cajal or Golgi staining method [Cajal, 1917, Young, 1971, Young, 1974, Young, 1976, Young, 1976, Young, 1977,Young, 1979,Messenger, 1979,Maddock and Young, 1987,Nixon and Young, 2003].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the validation of possible new connections is done with computer simulations [Tournier et al, 2002, Tournier et al, 2008, tracer injections [Azadbakht et al, 2015], and histological sections [Lawes et al, 2008, Budde et al, 2011. A recent work by Chung et al, (2020) is the first study to reconstruct a multi-scale connectome map of the squid brain using HARDI . More than 100 new connections were identified using dMRI-based connectome in Sepioteuthis lessoniana, and the validations of these connections were done using Golgi staining and fluorescent neuronal tracers [Chung et al, 2020].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neuroethology of the visual communication in the mourning cuttlefish Sepia plangon

Galan¹

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Animals communicate in response to different tasks, including alarm calls, allocation of food, courtship, and mating. Different types of signals are used by animals to communicate, such as chemical signals, vocalisations, colour patterns, and movements. Animal colouration and visual communication have fascinated researchers for decades. Behavioural, anatomical and functional studies are commonly used to study visual communication in both vertebrates and invertebrates. Cuttlefish are well known for possessing intricate body patterns. Cuttlefish use these colourful and dynamic displays to communicate with mates, camouflage, and pursue prey. The cuttlefish central nervous system processes all the visual stimuli and coordinates the expression of postures, body movements, skin textures and colourations that form a body pattern. Interestingly, many species of cuttlefish are colour blind but possess polarisation vision and polarisation patterns in their bodies, which are potentially used for communication with conspecifics. The objective of this thesis is to analyse the mechanisms influencing visual communication and colour patterns in a small coastal cuttlefish Sepia plangon. The mourning cuttlefish S. plangon is a small species with a mantle length (ML) < 140 mm. This species inhabits coastal waters and prefers to forage in seaweed and seagrass environments. It is located to a maximum depth of 85 meters and is active during the day. After introducing the topic of this thesis in detail in chapter 1, we analysed the ontogenetic changes of S. plangon body patterns from embryos to adults in chapter 2. The first description of S. plangon eggs and embryos is included in this chapter. However, because the eggs were collected from their natural environment, only late embryonic development was described. The number and complexity of the body patterns of S. plangon changed throughout the lifespan, transitioning from three body patterns in embryos to a maximum of 18 in males. Seven patterns were exclusive to males and used only during reproductive behaviour. Therefore, in chapter 3, we analysed courtship, mating, and agonistic competition of S. plangon. Three sex ratios were used to study mate choice: 1Male(M):1F(F), 2M:1F, and 1M:2F. Polarised and unpolarised filters were placed between the animals to test the effect of modifying polarised stimuli in the reproductive behaviour of S. plangon. 3D printed cuttlefish models were used to manipulate specific traits (two body sizes, two postures, four body patterns) and determine which factor was crucial to successful mating. The components of the body patterns, reproductive behaviours and visual signals were analysed. We found that only sex ratio had a significant effect on male courtship frequency. Agonistic competition between males included visual signals, and most males avoided fighting. Small males (ML < 80 mm) used a deceptive display to mimic female patterns, avoid male competitions, and mate with females. The dynamic changes in body patterns were the most crucial element for ...

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