Toward Artificial Cells: Novel Advances in Energy Conversion and Cellular Motility

Jeong, Sungwoo; Nguyen, Huong Thanh; Kim, Chang Ho; Mai, Linh; Shin, Kwanwoo

doi:10.1002/adfm.201907182

Cited by 71 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 226 publications

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“…Accordingly, significant research has been oriented towards creating synthetic cell-like systems, or artificial cells, which is regarded as one of the most effective toolbox for exploring the beginning of life and shows great potential towards innovative biomedical applications. [89] To find a suitable cell-mimicking matrix to host multi-enzyme reactions while providing adequate stability, very recently, we proposed an ultrastable, multifunctional artificial cell system, where synthetic organelles (multi-enzyme-containing MOFs) were enclosed in metal-phenolic network (MPN) membranes. [47] ZIFÀ L MOF was chosen because it has good chemical and thermal stability, relatively high specific surface area, and low cytotoxicity.…”

Section: P E R S O N a L A C C O U N T T H E C H E M I C A L R E C O R Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi‐enzyme Cascade Reactions in Metal‐organic Frameworks

Liang

2020

The Chemical Record

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Multi-enzyme cascade reactions are indispensable in biotechnology and many industrial (bio)chemical processes. However, most natural enzymes have poor stability and reusability, and tend to inactivate in toxic media or high temperature, which significantly limit their broader applications. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising candidates for enzymes immobilization to produce nanocomposite structures that not only could shield the enzymes from harsh environments, but also facilitate selective diffusion of substrates and intermediates to the reactive site via their tailorable and ordered pore network. Multi-enzyme cascade reactions in MOFs have recently attracted considerable attention. This Personal Account discusses the different strategies for multi-enzyme-MOF interfaces and their cutting-edge applications from biosensing and catalytic nanomedicine to artificial/hybrid cells. At last, we provide a critical evaluation and future prospects to outline future research directions.

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Section: P E R S O N a L A C C O U N T T H E C H E M I C A L R E C O R Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi‐enzyme Cascade Reactions in Metal‐organic Frameworks

Liang

2020

The Chemical Record

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“…Encapsulation of enzymes inside the cavities of GUVs is an emerging way to fabricate artificial environments that mimic the complexity of cells by introducing similar functionalities. The resulting GUVs serve as platforms to visualize biological processes in real time, contributing to our understanding of human cells, which in turn promotes new developments of biomedical applications [81,82]. Since the permeability of polymeric GUVs is essential for in situ reactions, one biomimicry approach is to equip them with peptides/membrane proteins to allow molecular transport through the membrane.…”

Section: Guvsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Giant Polymer Compartments for Confined Reactions

et al. 2020

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In nature, various specific reactions only occur in spatially controlled environments. Cell compartment and subcompartments act as the support required to preserve the bio-specificity and functionality of the biological content, by affording absolute segregation. Inspired by this natural perfect behavior, bottom-up approaches are the focus to develop artificial cell-like structures, detrimental for understanding relevant bioprocesses and interactions or to produce tailored solutions in the field of therapeutics and diagnostics. In this review, we discuss the benefits of constructing polymer-based single and multicompartments (capsules and giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs)), equipped with biomolecules as to mimic cells. In this respect, we outline key examples of how such structures have been designed from scratch, namely starting from the application-oriented selection and synthesis of the amphiphilic block copolymer. We then present the state-of-the-art techniques for assembling the supramolecular structure while permitting the encapsulation of active compounds and the incorporation of specific ion channels (peptides/proteins), essential to support in situ reactions, e.g., to replicate intracellular signaling cascades. Finally, we briefly discuss important features that these compartments offer and how they could be applied to engineer the next generation of microreactors, therapeutic solutions, and cell models.

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“…Artificial or minimal cell models are assembled from biomolecules like phospholipids, protein, and DNA. One approach for the assembly of minimal or artificial cell models from biomolecules is the bottom-up approach [34][35][36][37]. In this approach, membrane proteins are expressed and purified from living cells like Escherichia coli (E. coli), yeast, insect, and mammalian cells, and reconstituted into giant lipid vesicles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Artificial Cell Models Using Microfluidic Technology and Synthetic Biology

Kamiya

2020

Micromachines

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Giant lipid vesicles or liposomes are primarily composed of phospholipids and form a lipid bilayer structurally similar to that of the cell membrane. These vesicles, like living cells, are 5–100 μm in diameter and can be easily observed using an optical microscope. As their biophysical and biochemical properties are similar to those of the cell membrane, they serve as model cell membranes for the investigation of the biophysical or biochemical properties of the lipid bilayer, as well as its dynamics and structure. Investigation of membrane protein functions and enzyme reactions has revealed the presence of soluble or membrane proteins integrated in the giant lipid vesicles. Recent developments in microfluidic technologies and synthetic biology have enabled the development of well-defined artificial cell models with complex reactions based on the giant lipid vesicles. In this review, using microfluidics, the formations of giant lipid vesicles with asymmetric lipid membranes or complex structures have been described. Subsequently, the roles of these biomaterials in the creation of artificial cell models including nanopores, ion channels, and other membrane and soluble proteins have been discussed. Finally, the complex biological functions of giant lipid vesicles reconstituted with various types of biomolecules has been communicated. These complex artificial cell models contribute to the production of minimal cells or protocells for generating valuable or rare biomolecules and communicating between living cells and artificial cell models.

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Toward Artificial Cells: Novel Advances in Energy Conversion and Cellular Motility

Cited by 71 publications

References 226 publications

Multi‐enzyme Cascade Reactions in Metal‐organic Frameworks

Multi‐enzyme Cascade Reactions in Metal‐organic Frameworks

Giant Polymer Compartments for Confined Reactions

Development of Artificial Cell Models Using Microfluidic Technology and Synthetic Biology

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