Toward BxDF display using multilayer diffraction

Abstract

With a wide range of applications in product design and optical watermarking, computational BxDF display has become an emerging trend in the graphics community. In this paper, we analyze the design space of BxDF displays and show that existing approaches cannot reproduce arbitrary BxDFs. In particular, existing surface-based fabrication techniques are often limited to generating only specific angular frequencies, angle-shift-invariant radiance distributions, and sometimes only symmetric BxDFs. To overcome these limitations, we propose diffractive multilayer BxDF displays. We derive forward and inverse methods to synthesize patterns that are printed on stacked, high-resolution transparencies and reproduce prescribed BxDFs with unprecedented degrees of freedom within the limits of available fabrication techniques.

Mix-and-match holography

“…Researchers in graphics have proposed several designs for exploiting diffractive optics in display applications. Recent attempts to fabricate the optical surfaces with desirable BRDFs or BTDFs have been investigated [Glasner et al 2014;Levin et al 2013;Ye et al 2014]. Ye et al [2014] proposed to use multiple diffractive layers to encode a 4D BRDF or BTDF.…”

“…Recent attempts to fabricate the optical surfaces with desirable BRDFs or BTDFs have been investigated [Glasner et al 2014;Levin et al 2013;Ye et al 2014]. Ye et al [2014] proposed to use multiple diffractive layers to encode a 4D BRDF or BTDF. Finally, Xue et al [2014] multiplexed multiple images into a single diffraction grating at different wavelengths of light based on an analytic model.…”

Why People Should Care About Light‐Field Displays

“…The number of required projectors directly scales with the desired field of view and angular density of emitted rays. In practical applications, dozens frontline technology 24 Information Display 2/15 Fig. 3: At left is a schematic of a compressive light-field projection system comprised of a passive angle-expanding screen and a light-field projector.…”

Time-multiplexed light field synthesis via factored Wigner distribution function

“…This method allows for higher-rank factorization; time-multiplexing multiple frames per image result in a better simulated peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) on the reconstructed angular distribution and is beneficial to speckle reduction [3]. Explicit optimization of the WDF provides an alternative path to the holographic element ("hogel") [4] generation using the Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm [5] or simulated annealing [6].…”

“…Solving this problem globally for a high-resolution modulation layer requires storing and processing trillions of angular samples and, thus, is computationally intractable. Similar to Ye et al [6] and Shi et al [9], we employ a "holographic element" (hogel) model to limit the problem into a local area. Specifically, the entire layer is partitioned into non-overlapping local patches so that each is treated and optimized independently for a local light distribution.…”