Toward Chiral Dendrimers with Highly Functionalized Interiors. Dendrons from Synthetic AB<sub>2</sub> Monomers

McElhanon, James R.; Wu, Mu Jen; Escobar, Maya; McGrath, Dominic V.

doi:10.1021/ma961428e

Cited by 34 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In addition to the numerous examples of conjugated dendrimers previously discussed, 115,116,[119][120][121][122][124][125][126][127][128][129][130][132][133][134][140][141][142][143][144][145][146][147][148]497 the convergent approach has been demonstrated as a viable route toward the preparation of dendrimers with a range of repeat units including: fullerene, 498,499 quaternary ammonium salt, 177 pyridine, 382,500-502 TTF, 503-506 triarylamine, [171][172][173]507,508 carbazole, 509,510 azobenzene, 351,511-513 liquid crystalline, [514][515][516] and chiral repeat units. [96][97][98][99][100][101][102][103]…”

Section: Modification Of Repeat Unitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Convergent Dendrons and Dendrimers: from Synthesis to Applications

2001

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I. Introduction 3819 A. Structure 3820 B. Applications 3821 C. Synthetic Approaches 3821 1. Divergent Approach 3821 2. Convergent Approach 3822 D. Features of the Convergent Synthesis 3823 1. Structural Purity 3823 2. Synthetic Versatility 3823 II. Convergent Synthesis of Dendrons and Dendrimers 3824 A. Single-Stage Convergent Syntheses 3824 1. Poly(aryl ether) Dendrimers 3824 2. Poly(aryl alkyne) Dendrimers 3826 3. Poly(phenylene) Dendrimers 3827 4. Poly(alkyl ester) Dendrimers 3827 5. Poly(aryl alkene) Dendrimers 3828 6. Poly(alkyl ether) Dendrimers 3828 7. Other Convergent Dendrimer Syntheses 3829 B. Accelerated Approaches 3829 1.

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Section: Modification Of Repeat Unitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Convergent Dendrons and Dendrimers: from Synthesis to Applications

2001

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“…In their investigations concerning chiral dendrimers, 60 McGrath and coworkers [61][62][63][64] reported on the incorporation of acetonide-protected vicinal diol units in poly(benzyl ether) dendrimers (Fig. 3).…”

Section: Aromatic Backbonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…57,58 Rather surprisingly, the acid-labile acetonide-protecting groups seemed to be compatible with the slightly acidic Appel-type bromination conditions (discussed later). Although much of the authors' primary attention was devoted toward the characterization of the acetonide-protected series, [61][62][63] some efforts were made to postmodify the synthesized dendrimers by the unmasking of the protected diol functionalities and by the investigation of the resulting compounds. 64 The deprotection of convergently grown dendrimer 5 under rather harsh conditions, i.e., 3 M HCl at 55°C, afforded polyol 6 in a modest yield.…”

Section: Aromatic Backbonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, more traditional mildly acidic cleavage routes led to extensive decomposition, most likely because of transesterification. Product 6 64 and the corresponding first-and second-generation dendrons 61 were only soluble in highly polar media such as dimethyl sulfoxide and acetone. The key finding is related to the overall optical activity of dendrimer 6, which is comparable to the superposition of suitable low molecular weight model compounds, i.e., 7 and 8, which resemble the two different structural dendritic subunits.…”

Section: Aromatic Backbonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functionalizing the interior of dendrimers: Synthetic challenges and applications

Hecht

2003

J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem.

119

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Chemists' fascination with dendrimers mainly originates from their unique architecture and its exploitation for the design of well‐defined functional macromolecules. Depending on the nature of the synthesis, functionalization is traditionally introduced at the core, the periphery, or both. However, the specific incorporation of functional groups at the interior layers, i.e., generations, represents a considerable synthetic hurdle that must be overcome for the full potential of dendrimers to be realized. This review covers recent advances in this emerging frontier of dendrimer science with a particular focus on covalent modifications. Monomer design, syntheses, and properties of various dendritic backbone types are discussed. Internal functionalization dramatically increases the degree of complexity that can be implemented into a dendrimer macromolecule and, therefore, promises to lead to smart materials for future applications in bio‐ and nanotechnologies. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 1047–1058, 2003

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“…From these results and many others, it is believed that chiral dendrimers differ in many respects from their linear counterparts 39. One limitation of these compounds is their time‐consuming synthesis, and significant effort has been devoted to improving the preparation of these polymers through the use of alternative monomers and other synthetic strategies 40–44. This has led to the development of hybrid dendritic–linear macromolecules,45–53 in which one or more dendritic components are randomly or exactly coupled to one or more linear polymers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Author reply

Beechey-Newman

Kothari

2003

Cancer

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In this work, we considered a multistage integrated continuous fermentation process for producing lactic acid. Each stage consists of a mixing tank, a bioreactor, a cell‐recycle unit, and an extractor. A generalized mathematical model was formulated to express the integrated process. We have compared the overall productivity and conversion of the integrated process with those of two simplified processes. From the design equations, three processes have an identical overall conversion. However, the proposed process has the greatest overall productivity. A specific kinetic model for lactic production was applied to the integrated process to formulate it as a flexible or fuzzy optimization problem to find the maximum overall productivity and conversion with interval residual and supplied glucose constraints. Four optimization problems were considered to determine the optimal stages, operating conditions, and design variables. If the decision variables excluded the working volume ratio and flow rate ratio in the optimization problem, four stages were required to yield the maximum overall productivity and near complete overall conversion. However, if both operation variables were considered as the decision variables in the optimization problem, three stages were sufficient to achieve the identical overall productivity. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007

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Toward Chiral Dendrimers with Highly Functionalized Interiors. Dendrons from Synthetic AB₂ Monomers

Cited by 34 publications

References 15 publications

Convergent Dendrons and Dendrimers: from Synthesis to Applications

Convergent Dendrons and Dendrimers: from Synthesis to Applications

Functionalizing the interior of dendrimers: Synthetic challenges and applications

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Toward Chiral Dendrimers with Highly Functionalized Interiors. Dendrons from Synthetic AB2 Monomers

Cited by 34 publications

References 15 publications

Convergent Dendrons and Dendrimers: from Synthesis to Applications

Convergent Dendrons and Dendrimers: from Synthesis to Applications

Functionalizing the interior of dendrimers: Synthetic challenges and applications

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Toward Chiral Dendrimers with Highly Functionalized Interiors. Dendrons from Synthetic AB₂ Monomers