Toward Cleaner and More Sustainable Cement Production in Vietnam via Carbon Capture and Storage

Abstract

Vietnam is the world’s largest cement exporter. In 2022, it produced 118 Mtpa cement while emitting 109 Mtpa cement-related CO2, equal to 33% of Vietnam’s total CO2 emission. As Vietnam has pledged to achieve net zero by 2050, unabated cement-related CO2 emission must be drastically reduced in the future. This paper investigates the contribution of carbon capture and storage (CCS) to decarbonizing Vietnam’s cement industry to make cement production cleaner and more sustainable. A first-of-a-kind CO2 source-sink mapping exercise was conducted to map 68 cement plants to subsurface sinks, including oil and gas reservoirs and saline aquifers, using four CCS field development concepts. The results have identified four first-mover CCS projects where CO2 emissions from 27 cement plants are mapped to nearby offshore subsurface CO2 sinks. Two of these projects are located in Vietnam-north, one in Vietnam-central, and one in Vietnam-south. In the Vietnam-south CCS project, CO2 emission from the Kien Giang province is transported and stored in the offshore Block B gas field. In the other three CCS projects, CO2 emission is transported to nearshore saline aquifers in the Song Hong Basin. At a CO2 capture rate of 90%, these four projects will mitigate 50 Mtpa CO2, which is 46% of cement-related CO2 emission or 15% of total CO2 emission from Vietnam, thus making Vietnam’s cement production cleaner and more sustainable. Future research should focus on subsurface characterization of saline aquifers in the Song Hong Basin. The methodology developed in this study is usable in other cement-producing countries with significant CO2 sinks in the nearshore continental shelf.

Sustainable Supply Chain Practices in the Oil and Gas Industry: A Case Study

“…In terms of green production (GPD), one of the common techniques used in GPD is the focus on minimizing solid, liquid, and noise and air pollution [19][20][21]. O&G companies are reducing air emissions through carbon capture, utilization, and storage technology [12], and the same practice has also been validated in "X". O&G companies also measure and report their spills, solid waste, and greenhouse gas emissions [5,7,14].…”

“…Key sustainability metrics reported in the O&G industry include greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), oil spills, production and recovery of solid waste, liquid waste and deforestation [5,7,14]. O&G companies are also adopting carbon capture and storage technologies (CCS) which aim to capture and reuse the carbon emissions from its operations rather than releasing these to the atmosphere [12]. Firms are also using eco-innovation capabilities and energy efficient technologies to produce less waste [5] and reduce the use of energy, which helps to reduce GHG emissions and the overall carbon footprint and improve air quality in the production process [5,9,37].…”

“…Since then, the O&G industry is facing growing pressure from stakeholders to become sustainable and reduce its environmental footprint [3,5]. Global and regional agreements like the Kyoto Protocol, Paris Accord, and United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have been implemented to drive organizations towards sustainability [9,12]. Therefore, regulatory bodies and societal pressures have played and continue to play a role in moving the industry towards sustainable development.…”

A Longitudinal Study on the History of Energy Transition and Its Implications on Global Decarbonization

“…They include clean coal technologies, carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS), renewable energies, nuclear energy, hydrogen, − and reduced energy demand through adoption of a circular economy . There is also research focused on the decarbonization of various energy consumption sectors such as power, − transport, , and industry , as well as research on the decarbonization of specific countries ,− and regions. ,− …”