“…For sitting and standing, we used θ thigh,sit obtained from Equation (4), θ thigh,stand = 85.2° [ 40 ], and thigh ,sit = thigh ,stand = 0. Since force sensing resistors (FSR) to detect seat-off were attached to the chair ( Figure 2 a), the thigh angle at seat-off ( θ thigh,off ) could be obtained from an equation for the distance between the FSR landmark ( p FSR = {0, d 7 , d 8 }) and the thigh segment line that passes through the knee joint position p knee,off [ 41 ] if we knew the distance d 9 between the thigh segment line and the FSR landmark, as follow: with p rel,2 = p FSR − p knee,off . Note that p knee,off can be obtained by using p ankle , l shank , and θ shank,off .…”