Toward Development of a Tinnitus Magnitude Index

Schmidt, Candice; Kerns, Robert D.; Griest, Susan; Theodoroff, Sarah M.; Pietrzak, Robert H.; Henry, James A.

doi:10.1097/aud.0000000000000017

Cited by 28 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…These methods are not designed to reduce or change the perception of tinnitus, but are intended to reduce reactions to tinnitus and thereby improve quality of life. A separate line of research focuses on "treatments" for tinnitus that are intended primarily to reduce the loudness (intensity or magnitude) of tinnitus (Schmidt et al, 2014). Such treatments include pharmaceutical drugs, specialized acoustic protocols, and various alternative methods such as electrical and magnetic stimulation (Folmer et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tinnitus Functional Index: Development, validation, outcomes research, and clinical application

et al. 2016

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such treatments include pharmaceutical drugs, specialized acoustic protocols, and various alternative methods such as electrical and magnetic stimulation (Folmer et al, 2014). By reducing the loudness of tinnitus, it is expected that reactions to tinnitus would also be reduced (Schmidt et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tinnitus Functional Index: Development, validation, outcomes research, and clinical application

et al. 2016

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“…To assess the efficacy of neurofeedback training in reducing the perceived intensity, i.e. the sound perception of tinnitus, the TMI is used (50). This is a three-item measure designed to assess the individual perception of tinnitus sound intensity, without overlapping significantly with cognitive, behavioural or emotional reactions to tinnitus.…”

Section: Primary Outcome Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurofeedback for tinnitus: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial assessing the specificity of an alpha/delta neurofeedback training protocol in alleviating both the sound perception and the psychological distress, in a cohort of chronic tinnitus sufferers

Jensen

Hüttenrauch

Schmidt

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Tinnitus is a very common condition, which for some can have debilitating psychological consequences. Although some interventions are helpful in learning how to cope better with the tinnitus, at present there is no cure. Neurofeedback is an emerging treatment modality in tinnitus. Previous studies, utilizing an alpha/delta training protocol have shown promise. However, they were characterized by small sample sizes and lack of neurofeedback control conditions. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate, if an alpha/delta neurofeedback training protocol, compared to beta/theta neurofeedback or a diary control group, is effective in reducing, not only the tinnitus sound perception, but also the psychological symptoms associated with the condition. Methods The study is designed as a three-armed, randomized controlled trial. Participants are randomly assigned to either an established neurofeedback protocol for tinnitus (alpha/delta training), another neurofeedback protocol as active comparator (beta/theta training) or diary control group. In the four-week intervention period, participants in both neurofeedback groups undergo ten sessions, whereas participants in the diary control group complete a diary bi-weekly. The primary outcomes are between group differences in tinnitus sound percept change, as measured with the Tinnitus Magnitude Index (TMI) and changes in tinnitus distress, measured with the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), four weeks after the start of the intervention. Secondary outcome measures include changes in tinnitus distress, sleep quality, depressive symptoms and whether neurofeedback leads to specific power changes in the trained frequency bands. Discussion This is the first randomized controlled trial examining the efficacy of an alpha/delta neurofeedback training protocol in reducing the tinnitus sound percept and the distress associated with the condition. Compared to former studies, the present study is designed to assess both the specificity of an alpha/delta neurofeedback training protocol by including an active comparator, beta/theta neurofeedback training, and in addition to control for placebo effects by inclusion of a diary control group. We hope this study contributes to our understanding of the potentiality of neurofeedback as a treatment for tinnitus.

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“…To assess the effectiveness of neurofeedback training in reducing the perceived intensity, i.e. the sound percept of tinnitus, the Tinnitus Magnitude Index (TMI) is used (54). It is a three-item measure, designed to assess the individual perception of tinnitus sound intensity, without overlapping significantly with cognitive, behavioral and emotional reactions to tinnitus.…”

Section: Measures Primary Outcome Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurofeedback for tinnitus: Study protocol for a double-blind randomized controlled trial assessing the specificity of an alpha/delta neurofeedback training protocol in alleviating both the sound perception and the psychological distress, in a cohort of chronic tinnitus sufferers

Jensen

Hüttenrauch

Schmidt

et al. 2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Tinnitus is a very common condition, which for some can have debilitating psychological consequences. Although some interventions are helpful in learning how to cope better with the tinnitus, at present there is no cure. Neurofeedback is an emerging treatment modality in tinnitus. Previous studies, utilizing an alpha/delta training protocol have shown promise. However, they were characterized by small sample sizes and lack of neurofeedback control conditions. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate, if an alpha/delta neurofeedback training protocol, compared to beta/theta neurofeedback or a diary control group, is effective in reducing, not only the tinnitus sound perception, but also the psychological symptoms associated with the condition. Methods The study is designed as a three-armed, single-blinded randomized controlled trial. Participants are randomly assigned to either an established neurofeedback protocol for tinnitus (alpha/delta training), another neurofeedback protocol as active comparator (beta/theta training) or diary control group. In the four-week intervention period, participants in both neurofeedback groups undergo ten sessions, whereas participants in the diary control group complete a diary bi-weekly. The primary outcomes are between group differences in tinnitus sound percept change, as measured with the Tinnitus Magnitude Index (TMI) and changes in tinnitus distress, measured with the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), four weeks post baseline. Secondary outcome measures include changes in tinnitus distress, sleep quality, depressive symptoms and whether neurofeedback leads to specific power changes in the trained frequency bands. Discussion This is the first double-blind, randomized controlled trial examining the efficacy of an alpha/delta neurofeedback training protocol in reducing the tinnitus sound percept and the distress associated with the condition. Compared to former studies, the present study is designed to assess both the specificity of an alpha/delta neurofeedback training protocol by including an active comparator, beta/theta neurofeedback training, and in addition to control for placebo effects by inclusion of a diary control group. We hope this study contributes not only to our understanding of the neurological underpinnings of tinnitus, but also to the potentiality of neurofeedback as a therapeutic agent.

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Toward Development of a Tinnitus Magnitude Index

Cited by 28 publications

References 29 publications

Tinnitus Functional Index: Development, validation, outcomes research, and clinical application

Tinnitus Functional Index: Development, validation, outcomes research, and clinical application

Neurofeedback for tinnitus: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial assessing the specificity of an alpha/delta neurofeedback training protocol in alleviating both the sound perception and the psychological distress, in a cohort of chronic tinnitus sufferers

Neurofeedback for tinnitus: Study protocol for a double-blind randomized controlled trial assessing the specificity of an alpha/delta neurofeedback training protocol in alleviating both the sound perception and the psychological distress, in a cohort of chronic tinnitus sufferers

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