Toward Electrical Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks: E-VANET

Kadhim, Ahmed Jawad; Naser, Jaber Ibrahim

doi:10.1007/s42835-021-00687-8

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 116 publications

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“…According to the law of Poisson distribution, the average number of vehicles traveling on a road section of length D can be calculated using formula (3).…”

Section: A Ql-mrsu-nummentioning

confidence: 99%

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Connectivity Enhancement of E-VANET Based on QL-mRSU Self-Learning Energy-Saving Algorithm

Feng

Huang

et al. 2023

IEEE Access

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With the development of smart cities and smart electric vehicles (EVs), the problem of improving the performance of Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) is gradually being emphasized. To improve the network performance of VANETs, some scholars have considered parked vehicles as roadside units, but have not paid attention to the energy consumption characteristics of vehicles, especially electric vehicles. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a QL-mRSU series artificial intelligence energy saving method to optimize the energy consumption of parked electric vehicles during communication. The method is based on electric vehicle self-organizing networks (E-VANETs), which dynamically cluster electric vehicles parked in parking lots by parameters such as traffic flow, number of service demands, and charging index in reinforcement learning, select the most suitable vehicles as mobile roadside units (mRSUs), and adjust the working mode according to environmental changes such as the number of service demands to achieve the effects of self-learning and energy saving. The simulation experimental results show that compared with other energy-based routing algorithms, the method is able to make optimal choices through self-learning with guaranteed communication quality and is more adaptable to traffic flow changes on the road, thus ensuring the stability of energy-saving efficiency. In addition, the method significantly improves the energy structure of electric vehicle parking clusters.

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“…According to the law of Poisson distribution, the average number of vehicles traveling on a road section of length D can be calculated using formula (3).…”

Section: A Ql-mrsu-nummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, some scholars have proposed a VANET-based electric vehicular ad-hoc network according to the characteristics of electric vehicles, such as energy management, communication interfaces, and energy consumption. [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Connectivity Enhancement of E-VANET Based on QL-mRSU Self-Learning Energy-Saving Algorithm

Feng

Huang

et al. 2023

IEEE Access

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“…Recipients and providers of IoV services can communicate directly in such a network. This functionality is very beneficial in IoV environments, since it allows cars and RSUs to safely share data and resources [90,91]. Since the involved actors in an IoV network do not need to interact with any mediator, the final outcome is low-latency applications and services [91].…”

Section: Contribution 1-decentralizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain Application in Internet of Vehicles: Challenges, Contributions and Current Limitations

et al. 2021

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Blockchain technology is highly coupled with cryptocurrencies; however, it provides several other potential use cases, related to energy and sustainability, Internet of Things (IoT), smart cities, smart mobility and more. Blockchain can offer security for Electric Vehicle (EV) transactions in the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) concept, allowing electricity trading to be performed in a decentralized, transparent and secure way. Additionally, blockchain provides the necessary functionalities for IoV decentralized application development, such as data exchange, personal digital identity, sharing economy and optimized charging pattern. Moreover, blockchain technology has the potential to significantly increase energy efficiency, decrease management costs and guarantee the effective use of the energy recourses. Therefore, its application in the IoV concept provides secure, autonomous and automated energy trading between EVs. While several studies on blockchain technology in smart grids have been conducted, insufficient attention has been given to conducting a detailed review and state-of-the-art analysis of blockchain application in the IoV domain. To this end, this work provides a systematic literature review of blockchain-based applications in the IoV domain. The aim is to investigate the current challenges of IoV and to highlight how blockchain characteristics can contribute to this emerging paradigm. In addition, limitations and future research directions related to the integration of blockchain technology within the IoV are discussed. To this end, this study incorporates the theoretical foundations of several research articles published in scientific publications over the previous five years, as a method of simplifying our assessment and capturing the ever-expanding blockchain area. We present a comprehensive taxonomy of blockchain-enabled applications in the IoV domain, such as privacy and security, data protection and management, vehicle management, charging optimization and P2P energy trading, based on a structured, systematic review and content analysis of the discovered literature, and we identify key trends and emerging areas for research. The contribution of this article is two-fold: (a) we highlight the limitations presented in the relevant literature, particularly the barriers of blockchain technology and how they influence its integration into the IoV and (b) we present a number of research gaps and suggest future exploratory areas.

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“…Yet, the widespread utilization of dispersed EVs creates problems for the energy management in IoV [10,11]. A possible solution is DR management, which might be used in IoV to allow energy consumers (i.e., EV drivers) to adjust their energy consumption patterns based on the cost [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain Technology Applied in IoV Demand Response Management: A Systematic Literature Review

Kapassa

Themistocleous

2022

Future Internet

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Energy management in the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is becoming more prevalent as the usage of distributed Electric Vehicles (EV) grows. As a result, Demand Response (DR) management has been introduced to achieve efficient energy management in IoV. Through DR management, EV drivers are allowed to adjust their energy consumption and generation based on a variety of parameters, such as cost, driving patterns and driving routes. Nonetheless, research in IoV DR management is still in its early stages, and the implementation of DR schemes faces a number of significant hurdles. Blockchain is used to solve some of them (e.g., incentivization, privacy and security issues, lack of interoperability and high mobility). For instance, blockchain enables the introduction of safe, reliable and decentralized Peer-to-Peer (P2P) energy trading. The combination of blockchain and IoV is a new promising approach to further improve/overcome the aforementioned limitations. However, there is limited literature in Demand Response Management (DRM) schemes designed for IoV. Therefore, there is a need for a systematic literature review (SLR) to collect and critically analyze the existing relevant literature, in an attempt to highlight open issues. Thus, in this article, we conduct a SLR, investigating how blockchain technology assists the area of DRM in IoV. We contribute to the body of knowledge by offering a set of observations and research challenges on blockchain-based DRM in IoV. In doing so, we allow other researchers to focus their work on them, and further contribute to this area.

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Toward Electrical Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks: E-VANET

Cited by 8 publications

References 116 publications

Connectivity Enhancement of E-VANET Based on QL-mRSU Self-Learning Energy-Saving Algorithm

Connectivity Enhancement of E-VANET Based on QL-mRSU Self-Learning Energy-Saving Algorithm

Blockchain Application in Internet of Vehicles: Challenges, Contributions and Current Limitations

Blockchain Technology Applied in IoV Demand Response Management: A Systematic Literature Review

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