Toward enhanced P300 speller performance

Krusienski, Dean J.; Sellers, Eric W.; McFarland, Dennis J.; Vaughan, Theresa M.; Wolpaw, Jonathan R.

doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2007.07.017

Cited by 647 publications

(569 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The amplitude and latency data illustrate that the response is quite stable in amplitude and latency for up to 40 weeks. Similar findings have been reported in healthy adults (e.g., Krusienski et al, 2008).…”

Section: Phase I: Copy Spellingsupporting

confidence: 90%

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A P300-based brain–computer interface for people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Nijboer

Sellers

Mellinger

et al. 2008

Clinical Neurophysiology

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553

421

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Objective-The current study evaluates the efficacy of a P300-based Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) communication device for individuals with advanced ALS.Methods-Participants attended to one cell of a N×N matrix while the N rows and N columns flashed randomly. Each cell of the matrix contained one character. Every flash of an attended character served as a rare event in an oddball sequence and elicited a P300 response. Classification coefficients derived using a stepwise linear discriminant function were applied to the data after each set of flashes. The character receiving the highest discriminant score was presented as feedback.Results-In Phase I, six participants used a 6×6 matrix on 12 separate days with a mean rate of 1.2 selections/min and mean online and offline accuracies of 62% and 82% respectively. In Phase II, four participants used either a 6×6 or a 7×7 matrix to produce novel and spontaneous statements with a mean online rate of 2.1 selections/min and online accuracy of 79%. The amplitude and latency of the P300 remained stable over 40 weeks.Conclusions-Participants could communicate with the P300-based BCI and performance was stable over many months.Significance-BCIs could provide an alternative communication and control technology in the in daily lives of people severely disabled by ALS.

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Section: Phase I: Copy Spellingsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…For participants B, D, and F used the expanded feature space suggested by Krusienski et al (2008) and online accuracy increased by an average of 22%. This increase in online classification accuracy confirms what the offline analysis of Phase I suggested.…”

Section: Phase Ii: Free Spellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A P300-based brain–computer interface for people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Nijboer

Sellers

Mellinger

et al. 2008

Clinical Neurophysiology

Self Cite

553

421

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The device operation provides feedback to the user, thus closing the control loop. 19 Because of its relative ease of implementation and performance, one of the most researched BCI paradigms is the visual P300 speller, 5 which has been demonstrated successfully in both healthy and disabled persons for typing, [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42] Internet browsing, 43 guidance of a wheelchair along predetermined paths, [44][45][46][47] and other applications. Like the P300 evoked response, steady-state visual evoked potentials are innate and require no training, but they are capable of providing faster response times.…”

Section: Device Outputmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain-Computer Interfaces in Medicine

Shih

Krusienski

Wolpaw

2012

Mayo Clinic Proceedings

562

279

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Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) acquire brain signals, analyze them, and translate them into commands that are relayed to output devices that carry out desired actions. BCIs do not use normal neuromuscular output pathways. The main goal of BCI is to replace or restore useful function to people disabled by neuromuscular disorders such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, cerebral palsy, stroke, or spinal cord injury. From initial demonstrations of electroencephalography-based spelling and single-neuron-based device control, researchers have gone on to use electroencephalographic, intracortical, electrocorticographic, and other brain signals for increasingly complex control of cursors, robotic arms, prostheses, wheelchairs, and other devices. Brain-computer interfaces may also prove useful for rehabilitation after stroke and for other disorders. In the future, they might augment the performance of surgeons or other medical professionals. Brain-computer interface technology is the focus of a rapidly growing research and development enterprise that is greatly exciting scientists, engineers, clinicians, and the public in general. Its future achievements will depend on advances in 3 crucial areas. Brain-computer interfaces need signal-acquisition hardware that is convenient, portable, safe, and able to function in all environments. Brain-computer interface systems need to be validated in long-term studies of real-world use by people with severe disabilities, and effective and viable models for their widespread dissemination must be implemented. Finally, the day-to-day and moment-to-moment reliability of BCI performance must be improved so that it approaches the reliability of natural muscle-based function. U ntil recently, the dream of being able to control one's environment through thoughts had been in the realm of science fiction. However, the advance of technology has brought a new reality: Today, humans can use the electrical signals from brain activity to interact with, influence, or change their environments. The emerging field of brain-computer interface (BCI) technology may allow individuals unable to speak and/or use their limbs to once again communicate or operate assistive devices for walking and manipulating objects. Brain-computer interface research is an area of high public awareness. Videos on YouTube as well as news reports in the lay media indicate intense curiosity and interest in a field that hopefully one day soon will dramatically improve the lives of many disabled persons affected by a number of different disease processes.This review seeks to provide the general medical community with an introduction to BCIs. We define BCI and then review some of the seminal discoveries in this rapidly emerging field, the brain signals used by BCIs, the essential components of a BCI system, current BCI systems, and the key issues now engaging researchers. Challenges are inherent in translating any new technology to practical and useful clinical applications, and BCIs are no exception. We discuss the potent...

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“…Quadriplegic patients admitted to ICU for whom verbal communication was compromised by mechanical ventilation, were enrolled after informed consent. The aim of the clinical study is to assess the feasibility of a state-of-the-art BCI for communication described in [12]. 24 cupule-electrodes were fitted to 10/20 standard locations by an EEG technician and signals were recorded at 256 Hz with a Porti32…”

Section: Patients Need and Technological Locksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recordings took place in a room specifically labeled by the national health and safety regulatory committee (AFSSAPS). Subjects were given instructions for a standard P3Speller experiment [12]. Stimulation and signal processing were handled by OpenViBE.…”

Section: New P300 Paradigm For Daily Usementioning

confidence: 99%