Toward Functional 3D Architectured Platform: Advanced Approach to Anchor Functional Metal Oxide onto 3D Printed Scaffold

Abstract

The authors first report the three-dimensional (3D) structured CeO 2 -PLA scaffold using a 3D printing methodology. The scaffold is prepared by decorating functional metal-oxide nanoparticles onto the 3D-printed polylactic acid (PLA) platform via an electrostatic interaction and is applied to the applications for photochemical degradation. As-designed CeO 2 -PLA scaffold shows high photocatalytic degradation performance toward methyl orange under a light irradation. Furthermore, the CeO 2 -PLA scaffold shows reasonable degradation performance even after it is washed and reevaluated; this result demonstrates the benefit of 3D-printed CeO 2 -PLA scaffold that it can be recycled several times without losing the catalysts.Three dimensional printing (3D printing) has been in a spotlight due to custom made process, [1] ability to fabricate the complex-shaped object, [2] and open access to hardware and software. [3] Among the several types of 3D printing methods, fused deposition modeling (FDM), especially, is widely implemented owing to its cost-benefit and ease accessability. [4] However, only thermoplastic materials such as polylactic acid (PLA) and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) can be applied to the FDM printing method; this led to confine application fields to biomedical support [5] and rapid prototype manufacturing. [6] Many attempts have been explored to overcome the material limitation in FDM printing and broaden the application fields. The ABS scaffold decorated with Metal oxide frameworks (MOFs) was demonstrated to expand the application field to dye removal. [7] The 3D metallic scaffold was prepared by atomic transfer radical polymerization and electroless plating method. [2] However, these approaches to prepare 3D scaffolds decorated with various materials still have systematic issues due to the limited selection of materials and the complicated procedure. As metal oxide materials have enormous potentials to various applications including biomedical, [8] catalyst, [9] and energy related devices, [10] the approach to combine metal oxide with 3D-printed object is considered as a solution to address the above-mentioned challenges.Herein, we first report a facile strategy to prepare the metal oxide coated 3D scaffold via electrostatic interactions. Polylactic acid was served as a 3D printing material due to its cost-benefit and harmless properties. The negative surface charge of polylactic acid could provide adsorption site for positively charged material. [11] Additional functional group generated by UVO treatment induces more negative charge on the surface of PLA. [12] CeO 2 , one of positively charged materials, was selected as a coating material. [13] The amount of deposited CeO 2 can be controlled by irradiating UV-Ozone (UVO) onto PLA surface and adjusting the pH of coating suspension. To demonstrate practical application with our methodology, we carried out the photocatalytic dye degradation process using CeO 2 decorated PLA scaffold. CeO 2 decorated 3D printed scaffold shows promising possibility...

MOF@Cell: 3D printed biobased filters anchored with a green metal–organic framework for effluent treatment

“…46 The second method relied on subjecting the printed filters to a UV-ozone (O 3 ) treatment. As previously reported by Choi et al , 47 this type of treatment leads to photooxidation of PLA materials introducing carbonyl groups to the PLA's surface and consequently increasing the surface charge density facilitating various interactions, especially with positively charged species. The increased density of negative charges on the filter's surface was confirmed by determining the zeta potential of the filters (Fig.…”

Robocasting of 3D printed and sintered ceria scaffold structures with hierarchical porosity for solar thermochemical fuel production from the splitting of CO2

“…28,29 Solid 20 mol% Sm-doped ceria pellets were produced by 3D direct writing from a paraffin based slurry for solid oxide fuel cell applications (and then sintered at only 700 °C) in 2019, 30 a 10 mol% ceria-stabilised-zirconia and alumina composite biomaterial was robocast from a hydrogel in 2017, 31 and the 3D printing by stereo lithography of Al 2 O 3 with 12 mol% CeO 2 –ZrO 2 (Zr 4+ : Ce 4+ = molar ratio of 88 : 12) was reported in 2020. 32 The only reports of similar porous ceria structures are those made by the replication method on extruded polymer supports for CSP applications in 2019, 33 and 3D printed polymer scaffolds in 2021, 34 ceria coated on 3D printed polymer supports/structures/scaffolds, 35,36 CuO/CeO 2 catalysts coated on 3D printed polymer scaffolds, 37 Ni/CeO 2 –ZrO 2 powder deposited on 3D printed stainless-steel honeycomb monoliths, 38 CeO 2 –ZrO 2 –La 2 O 3 nanopowder catalysts supported on robocast graphene oxide scaffolds, 39 3D printed ceria/silica microsphere/boehmite (γ-AlO(OH)) particle-stabilised foams by moulding and direct ink writing, 40 and robocast ceria coated with a nickel catalyst. 41 All such 3D printed ceramics need to be sintered after manufacture to produce the ceria ceramic, particularly if destined for high temperature use – in nearly all of the cases above, the ceria was used unsintered as a catalyst.…”