Toward Future Green Maritime Transportation: An Overview of Seaport Microgrids and All-Electric Ships

Fang, Sidun; Wang, Yu; Gou, Bin; Xu, Yan

doi:10.1109/tvt.2019.2950538

Cited by 213 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…The results of this study can provide an overview of the use of PV system in designing the new or renovation ships, both for lighting and cooling systems as well as for propulsion systems. For environmentally friendly shipping [23], future ship design should consider the use of PV module as a technology for converting solar energy into electrical energy. According to the berthing location, the green ship concept can be integrated into the smart city concept with smart grid technology [24,25].…”

Section: Economic Analysis For Driving Force Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Techno-Economic Analysis of Photovoltaic Utilization for Lighting and Cooling System of Ferry Ro/Ro Ship 500 GT

et al. 2021

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The purpose of this study is to perform the techno-economic analysis of photovoltaic system utilization for lighting and cooling of Ferry Ro/Ro 500 GT. The world is facing a dilemma of increasing dependence on fossil energy with decreasing supply. This situation must be anticipated by all sectors by energy efficiency (EE) and utilizing renewable energy (RE). Especially for RE in the transportation sector, ships as consumers of oil energy can also take advantage of solar energy sources, for example for lighting and cooling. For that purpose, five steps must be taken. First, determine the design specifications. Second, determine the specifications of components of the PV system. Third, calculate the power required for lighting equipment. Fourth, calculate the power required for the cooling system. Fifth, make an investment comparison for propulsion systems between diesel engines and photovoltaic systems. The results show that the energy required for lighting and cooling system as well as for propulsion systems can be placed in the deck area of 148.8 m2 for all system components, such as; PV modules, charge controllers, batteries, and inverter. This study can provide an overview of the use of PV system in designing the environmentally new or renovation ships.

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Section: Economic Analysis For Driving Force Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Techno-Economic Analysis of Photovoltaic Utilization for Lighting and Cooling System of Ferry Ro/Ro Ship 500 GT

et al. 2021

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“…Cold-ironing technology, or on-shore power supply, or shoreside power, is to supply the onboard hoteling load for the berthed-in ships by the port-side electricity, and the auxiliary engines onboard are all kept off, shown as Fig. 1.7 [24]. The electricity can be from the main grid, or port-side renewables and other clean fuels [24].…”

Section: Cold-ironing Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Introduction to the Multi-energy Maritime Grids

Fang

Wang

2021

Optimization-Based Energy Management for Multi-Energy Maritime Grids

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Introduction to the Multi-energy Maritime Grids Background and Motivation Economy Growth and the Demand for Maritime TransportAfter achieving a 3.1% growth in 2017, the growth rate of global economy declines to 3.0% in 2018 and further declines to 2.3% in 2019 [1]. In 2020 and afterward, a range of downside risks may further intensify the economy growth, such as the tariff between US-China, the decision by the United Kingdom to leave the European Union ("Brexit"), and the global New Coronavirus spread. In this background, a new normal is about to take hold, reflecting a continuous moderate growth of the global economy. This trend will significantly influence all the attached subsystems or sectors in the maritime transportation system, including infrastructure requirements, ship carrying capacity needs, ship design and technology, port developments and performance, and so on. The primary impact of the slowing-down economy puts on the demand of maritime transport. In 2017-2019, the international maritime trade shares similar moderate growths with the global economy. According to the "Review of Maritime Transport 2019" by UNCTAD [1], although the global maritime trade reaches a new milestone of 11 billion tons in 2019, the growth is only 2.7%, not only lower than 4.1% in 2017, but also lower than 3.0% average from 1970 to 2017 [1]. Figure 1.1 and Table 1.1 respectively show the total cargo volumes of specific types in ton-miles and tons.The moderate growth of maritime transport demand shall introduce more competition between different players, i.e., shipowners or port administrators and other stakeholders. This trend may re-shape the market structure since many less-efficient sectors in the maritime transportation system will fall into the brutal struggle between embracing the technology evolutions or being eliminated.

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“…Conventionally, an auxiliary diesel engine generates electricity for ship services while staying at harbours. However, at present, an onshore power supply/cold-ironing is a preferred solution for ships to shut down their diesel engines at harbours to fill the requirements of strict emission regulations and make ports free from greenhouse gases [5,6]. Due to environmental reasons and new emission regulations, the power systems of ships and harbours are also shifting from non-renewable to renewable-based power generation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sizing and Allocation of Battery Energy Storage Systems in Åland Islands for Large-Scale Integration of Renewables and Electric Ferry Charging Stations

et al. 2020

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The stringent emission rules set by international maritime organisation and European Directives force ships and harbours to constrain their environmental pollution within certain targets and enable them to employ renewable energy sources. To this end, harbour grids are shifting towards renewable energy sources to cope with the growing demand for an onshore power supply and battery-charging stations for modern ships. However, it is necessary to accurately size and locate battery energy storage systems for any operational harbour grid to compensate the fluctuating power supply from renewable energy sources as well as meet the predicted maximum load demand without expanding the power capacities of transmission lines. In this paper, the equivalent circuit battery model of nickel–cobalt–manganese-oxide chemistry has been utilised for the sizing of a lithium-ion battery energy storage system, considering all the parameters affecting its performance. A battery cell model has been developed in the Matlab/Simulink platform, and subsequently an algorithm has been developed for the design of an appropriate size of lithium-ion battery energy storage systems. The developed algorithm has been applied by considering real data of a harbour grid in the Åland Islands, and the simulation results validate that the sizes and locations of battery energy storage systems are accurate enough for the harbour grid in the Åland Islands to meet the predicted maximum load demand of multiple new electric ferry charging stations for the years 2022 and 2030. Moreover, integrating battery energy storage systems with renewables helps to increase the reliability and defer capital cost investments of upgrading the ratings of transmission lines and other electrical equipment in the Åland Islands grid.

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Toward Future Green Maritime Transportation: An Overview of Seaport Microgrids and All-Electric Ships

Cited by 213 publications

References 98 publications

Techno-Economic Analysis of Photovoltaic Utilization for Lighting and Cooling System of Ferry Ro/Ro Ship 500 GT

Techno-Economic Analysis of Photovoltaic Utilization for Lighting and Cooling System of Ferry Ro/Ro Ship 500 GT

Introduction to the Multi-energy Maritime Grids

Sizing and Allocation of Battery Energy Storage Systems in Åland Islands for Large-Scale Integration of Renewables and Electric Ferry Charging Stations

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