Toward Locard’s Exchange Principle: Recent Developments in Forensic Trace Evidence Analysis

Mistek, Ewelina; Fikiet, Marisia A.; Khandasammy, Shelby R.; Lednev, Igor K.

doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04704

Cited by 60 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 226 publications

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“…Locard's Principle of Exchange is the fundamental concept in the production of physical and trace evidence (Caddy 2001;Robertson and Roux 2010;Mistek et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidential significance of multiple fracture patterns on the glass in forensic ballistics

Tiwari

Harshey

Das

et al. 2019

Egypt J Forensic Sci

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Background: In the current scenario, glass plays a vital contribution in our standard everyday life. Fractured and fragmented glasses are most commonly encountered at the crime scene. During the commission of the crime, glass breaks and shatters into fragments or into minute particles that serve as trace evidence and may provide a significant lead for the probe. The fracture of glass could be the consequence of an intentional act or unintentional act. For the forensic purpose, study of glass fractures, i.e., fractography has paramount importance as it can provide noteworthy data and encourages an assortment of assessments to investigate the case especially in the shooting cases where a firearm is used. Multiple fractures on a glass pane also have enough potential to establish an investigative link. Presently, air guns are being used in many of the cases due to their simple accessibility. There are a number of cases that have been reported that involved the use of air guns. Result: This study was conducted to evaluate the pattern of multiple fractures on the glass by the air rifle. For this purpose, glass panes of various thicknesses were test fired perpendicularly at a fixed range with an air rifle having round nose pellet. Measurements and analysis were made on some fixed parameter. Data was analyzed graphically and statistically to check the consistency in the trends. Conclusion: Consistency in the trends was observed, which is analyzed by the test for the goodness of fit. The findings of this work have provided some significant different perspectives that may effectively contribute to the criminal investigation.

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“…Locard's Principle of Exchange is the fundamental concept in the production of physical and trace evidence (Caddy 2001;Robertson and Roux 2010;Mistek et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidential significance of multiple fracture patterns on the glass in forensic ballistics

Tiwari

Harshey

Das

et al. 2019

Egypt J Forensic Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Once a crime has been committed law enforcement officers intervene. At this stage, the most important issue is that every contact will leave a trace, as stated in Locard's change principle (Mistek et al, 2018). The traces in question are silent witnesses of the crime.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Big Data, Data Mining, Machine Learning, and Deep Learning Concepts in Crime Data

Güzel¹

2021

JPLC

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Young adults engage in a disproportionately high rate of problematic behaviors such as risky sexual activities, academic dishonesty, and substance abuse. In order to understand why this occurs, two lesser-known constructs related to risktaking behavior were investigated in this study: differential identification, which has yet to be empirically studied in the context of emerging adults, and criminogenic thinking, which has only been evaluated in this context to a minimal degree. To bridge the gap between these two constructs, motivation was hypothesized to be a moderator in each of these respective relationships. Data from 309 emerging adults were recruited via Amazon's Mechanical Turk (MTurk) to complete the survey materials online. The analysis consisted of a hierarchical multiple linear regression. Results indicated that motivation did not moderate either relationship (i.e., differential identification and risk-taking behavior and criminogenic thinking and risk-taking behavior). However, a main effect was found between one aspect of differential identification and risk-taking behavior. No other main effects were found in this study. Potential explanations for the results of this study are discussed, as well as implications and directions for future research.

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“…This technique has already been used in the examination of body fluids and trace evidence in the forensic context. 1 , 19 , 20 ATR FT-IR spectroscopy has been proven to successfully determine the donor sex and race from a bloodstain. 21 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forensic Phenotype Profiling Based on the Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy of Blood: Chronological Age of the Donor

2020

Self Cite

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Forensic chemistry is an important and rapidly growing branch of analytical chemistry. As a part of forensic practices, phenotype profiling is beneficial to help narrow down suspects. The goal of this study is to identify a person’s age range using dried bloodstains. Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform-infrared (ATR FT-IR) spectroscopy is the technique used to acquire information about the total (bio)chemical composition of a sample. For the purpose of this proof-of-concept study, a diverse pool of donors including those in newborn (<1), adolescent (11–13), and adult (43–68) age ranges was used. Different donor age groups were found to have different levels of lipids, glucose, and proteins in whole blood, although the corresponding spectral differences were minor. Therefore, the collected data set was analyzed using chemometrics to enhance discrepancy and assist in donors’ classification. A partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLSDA) was used to classify ATR FT-IR spectra of blood from newborn, adolescent, and adult donors. The method showed a 92% correct classification of spectra in leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) of the model. Overall, ATR FT-IR spectroscopy is nondestructive and can be an infield method that can be used for a variety of forensic applications. In general, the developed approach combining ATR FT-IR spectroscopy and advanced statistics shows the great potential for classifying (bio)chemical samples exhibiting significant intra-class variations.

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Toward Locard’s Exchange Principle: Recent Developments in Forensic Trace Evidence Analysis

Cited by 60 publications

References 226 publications

Evidential significance of multiple fracture patterns on the glass in forensic ballistics

Evidential significance of multiple fracture patterns on the glass in forensic ballistics

Big Data, Data Mining, Machine Learning, and Deep Learning Concepts in Crime Data

Forensic Phenotype Profiling Based on the Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy of Blood: Chronological Age of the Donor

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